1. Review and then observe

2. Types of scaling Nominal (difference) Ordinal (magnitude)
Interval (equal intervals)
Ratio (true zero)

3. What types of scales are these?
1. October 22, 1850 (year of Fechner’s law) 2. number of alarm calls by a chickadee in one hour 3. third place in a beauty contest 4. having the fifth highest grades in a class of 29 people 5. being a sophomore in college 6. Thurstone scale 7. Guttman scale 8. Likert scale 9. Semantic differential

4. Reliability and validity
Concept
Split half
Odd-even
Internal-reliability
Test-retest
Extraversion
.38
.37
.51
.99
Individualism
.30
.16
.41
.96
Extraversion2
.09
.50
Lowering the drinking age
.49
.82
.79
.97
Level of importance of household pets
.53
.85
.89
Children
.59
.68
.70 na
Belief in social media usage having an impact on academics
.18
.57
.63

5. Proposal ideas

6. Types of data
Quantitative
Qualitative

7. Types of studies Observation Survey Experiment Quasi-experiment
Small n

8. Observation Why do one? Systematic (structured) observation
Ethological observation

9. Steps in systematic observation
Find an observable measure
Select setting and mode of observation
Select sampling strategy
Train the observers
Inter-rater reliability
Analyze the data

10. Book organization vs mine
Naturalistic (nonparticipant)
Disguised
Undisguised
Participant (participant)
Disguised (covert)
Undisguised (overt)
Structured (systematic)
Case study
Archival
Content analysis
Systematic vs. Ethological
Then separately:
Participant
Covert
Overt
Nonparticipant
Case studies
Deviant case analysis
Archival
Content analysis

11. Observation