1. Lesson 1 Golden ages of China
Chapter 13
Lesson 1 Golden ages of China

2. I Dynasties of China Dynasty-Series of rulers from the same family
China has been ruled by many different dynasties (until early 1920’s)
Han dynasty ruled from 206 BC to AD 220. After collapse China broke up into kingdoms
Sui Dynasty ruled from 518 AD to 618 AD. United North and South for the first time

3. E. Tang Dynasty Tang overthrew Sui in 618 and ruled for 300 years
Capital was Chang’an. City had a population of about 1 million
Culture included music, art and poetry
Finished the Grand Canal, which connected Northern and Southern China. This allowed farmers to get grain to the capital. It linked the Huang and Chiang rivers

4. 5. Greatest ruler was Tang Taizong (p. 366)
a. Reformed government by using Confucius’s ideas
in government
b. Gave land to peasant farmers
6. Used Silk Road trade routes
7. Studied science and created inventions (gunpowder, vaccines)
AD-control of westernmost lands had weakened. Fighting among groups caused the end of dynasty

5. F. Song Dynasty Song Dynasty ruled from 960 AD to 1279 AD (300 years)
Capital was moved to Hangzhou
Used merit system to improve government (tests were given to prove a person’s ability to do a job. Ability over wealth)
Improved Agriculture
a. developed a new strain of rice, better irrigation systems
b. result was 2 crops could be grown a year (surplus)

6. 5. Culture included art, music and poetry 6 Artists created paintings on silk and porcelain (p364, 368) 7. Used silk road trade routes 8. Developed printing press using movable type in More books became available and more people learned to read 9. Studied science and created inventions

7. II. Mongols Conquer China
1. Mongols were nomads from the plains of Central Asia
2. Fierce warriors
3. Excellent horse riding skills
4. Loyalty to tribe (traveled in tribes because of safety)
5. Tribes were united under Genghis Khan

8. B. Genghis Khan His Father was killed when he was a pre-teen
Tribe moved on without his family ( mother and his siblings had to survive on their own)
Developed a reputation as a warrior and leader(family survived with him as their leader)
Mongols united together under his leadership for the purpose of creating a Mongol empire

9. C. Mongols in China
1209- Began the takeover of Northern China (wanted control because it had been a source of supplies )
1215- Had control of Northern China-Southern China resisted
1227 –Genghis Khan died

10. D. Kublai Khan Genghis Khan’s grandson 1259- He came into power
It took 20 years to gain control of the South
He established Beijing as the capital and declared himself emperor
He named the rule of China by the Mongols the Yuan Dynasty

11. E. China under Mongol Rule
Centralized government-Mongols ruled on every level (foreigners ruled in China over Chinese-Marco Polo)
Kept own language and customs rather than adopt Chinese
Allowed many religions to be practiced
Established 1st all paper money system
Mail system
Good roads-guards protected Silk Road
Expanded Grand Canal
He died in 1294 (born in 1215)

12. F. After Kublai Khan
China did not prosper under the rule of later Khans. Mongols began to adopt ways of the people they conquered
Chinese peasant led a revolt to overthrow the Mongols
3 Once land was back in the hands of the Chinese, vowed never to let outsiders rule China. This is the start of Ming dynasty (lasted 276 years)
4. Would later rebuild Great Wall when Mongols would make one last attempt to regain power. Would cut off all sea trade