1. Animation: DNA makes DNA
DNA REPLICATION
Animation: DNA makes DNA

2. DNA vs. RNA DNA RNA Number of strands Bases Included Name of Sugar
Role
2 (double)
1 (single)
A-T C-G
A-U C-G
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Genetic Sequence for traits
Transcription / translation

3. Types of RNA (p. 362-363) Type of RNA Function mRNA tRNA rRNA
Transfer RNA: brings Amino Acids to Ribosomes
Ribosomal RNA: makes up the ribosomes
Messenger RNA: Encodes

4. Notes: Transcription & Translation
EQ: How does the information in DNA become an expressed gene?

5. Transcription – the process of making mRNA (write)
mRNA (messenger RNA) must be made because DNA cannot leave the nucleus (too BIG!!).
mRNA will provide a copy of the instructions from DNA and take them to a ribosome, where a protein will be made.
Transcription Animation-J.Kyrk
Let's Transcribe a gene
Remember – mRNA is a single stranded copy of DNA that contains Uracil instead of Thymine.

6. Translation – the process of making a protein
mRNA travels to a ribosome and delivers the instructions from DNA to the ribosome.
The ribosome begins to assemble proteins using the instructions contained in mRNA.
Every 3 letters on the mRNA (a codon) codes for an amino acid.
tRNA delivers these amino acids to the ribosome.
When the amino acids are strung together, a protein is made.
Translation Animation-J.Kyrk
Let's Translate mRNA!
Let’s Practice: How many codons can you see in this mRNA sequence???
AUCGCCUUACCGUUG

7. Let us go over this one more time…
Step1: DNA copies instructions to mRNA in transcription.
Step 2: mRNA delivers the instructions to the ribsome.
Step 3: Ribosome “reads” the mRNA one codon at a time.
Step 4: tRNA delivers the amino acid that matches the codon on the mRNA.
Step 5: A protein is made.
Transcription Animation
Translation Animation

8. DNA mRNA Protein (polypeptide)
And again: How do proteins get made from the instruction encoded in DNA?
DNA mRNA Protein (polypeptide)
Transcription (occurs in nucleus)
Translation (occurs on a ribosome)
Firefly Gene Expression Animation

9. HW: Complete Coloring w/ Follow Up Questions