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Transcription and Translation

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Presentation on theme: "Transcription and Translation"— Presentation transcript:

1 Transcription and Translation

2 Protein Structure Made up of amino acids
Polypeptide- string of amino acids 20 amino acids are arranged in different orders to make a variety of proteins Assembled on a ribosome

3 Replication DNA double helix unwinds DNA now single-stranded
New DNA strand forms using complementary base pairing (A-T, C-G) Used to prepare DNA for cell division Whole genome copied/replicated

4 Transcription and Translation: An Overview (aka the Central Dogma)

5 RNA vs. DNA DNA Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Bases: C,G A,T RNA
Single stranded Ribose sugar Bases: C,G,A,U Both contain a sugar, phosphate, and base.

6 Transcription RNA forms base pairs with DNA C-G A-U

7 TRANSCRIPTION ACGATACCCTGACGAGCGTTAGCTATCG UGC UAU GGG ACU

8 Major players in transcription
mRNA- type of RNA that encodes information for the synthesis of proteins and carries it to a ribosome from the nucleus

9 Major players in transcription
RNA polymerase- complex of enzymes with 2 functions: Unwind DNA sequence Produce primary transcript by stringing together the chain of RNA nucleotides

10 mRNA Processing DNA sequence has coding regions (exons) and non-coding regions (introns) Introns must be removed before primary transcript is mRNA and can leave nucleus

11 Transcription is done…what now?
Now we have mRNA transcribed from the cell’s DNA. It is leaving the nucleus through a nuclear pore. Once in the cytoplasm, it finds a ribosome so that translation can begin.

12 Translation Second stage of protein production mRNA is on a ribosome

13 Ribosomes 2 subunits, separate in cytoplasm until they join to begin translation Large Small

14 Translation Second stage of protein production mRNA is on a ribosome
tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome

15 tRNA Transfer RNA Bound to one amino acid on one end
Anticodon on the other end complements mRNA codon

16 tRNA Function Amino acids must be in the correct order for the protein to function correctly tRNA lines up amino acids using mRNA code

17 Reading the DNA code Every group of 3 mRNA bases encodes a single amino acid Codon- coding triplet of mRNA bases

18 Transcription vs. Translation Review
Process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied onto messenger RNA Occurs in the nucleus DNA mRNA Translation Process by which information encoded in mRNA is used to assemble a protein at a ribosome Occurs on a Ribosome mRNA protein

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