1. sp Hybrid Orbitals

2. sp hybrid orbital in BeH2
from McQuarrie & Simon “Physical Chemistry”

3. BeH2 MO diagram
from Demtröder “Molecular Physics”

4. AH2 molecules – linear vs. bent
from McQuarrie & Simon “Physical Chemistry”

5. AH2 MO diagram
from Demtröder “Molecular Physics”

6. AH2 molecules – Walsh diagram
from Demtröder “Molecular Physics”

7. Walsh diagrams
from Demtröder “Molecular Physics”

8. Reductive activation of CO2
Effects of negative charge on CO2:
6a1
1pg
JMW, Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 33 (2014) 489 – 519
L. G. Dodson, M. C. Thompson, JMW, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 69 (2018)

9. Reductive activation of CO2
Effects of negative charge on CO2:
CO bonds are weakened by excess electron  vibrational frequencies shift to the red
 CO2 vibrations as probe for charge on CO2 (i.e. reduction!)
6a1
JMW, Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 33 (2014) 489 – 519
L. G. Dodson, M. C. Thompson, JMW, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 69 (2018)

10. sp2 Hybrid Orbitals

11. sp2 hybrid orbital in BH3
from McQuarrie & Simon “Physical Chemistry”

12. general shape of sp2 hybrid orbitals
from McQuarrie & Simon “Physical Chemistry”

13. s bond in ethene
from McQuarrie & Simon “Physical Chemistry”

14. p bond in ethene

15. sp3 hybrid orbitals in CH4

16. from McQuarrie & Simon “Physical Chemistry”