1. Anatomy and physiology
Module 1 Review
Anatomy and physiology

2. Macro and Micro Structure of Muscle
Understand the macrostructure of a muscle including its levels of connective tissue and muscle cells (figure 1.1)
Know the structure of a single muscle cell including the structures within the sarcoplasm and the myofibril (figure 1.3)
What is the structure of the thick and thin filaments, where are they located and attached to (figure 1.4)
How is a sarcomere structured and what are the different zones, bands and lines within a sarcomere (figure 1.4 and 1.5)
What is a motor unit

3. Function of Muscle How does movement occur
How is force produced in the muscle cell
The structure of the thick and thin filaments allow for contraction to occur, how?
Know the five phases of the sliding filament theory and what occurs within each phase
What three things are needed for muscle contraction to continue to occur
What is the most important factor in the amount of force that can be produced

4. Function of Muscle
Name the three types of muscle contraction and what occurs in each type
What happens to the zones, bands and lines of the sarcomere during each type of muscle contraction
How does muscle action occur, what causes it, what pathways does it travel down, what molecules are used to relay the signal
What is the all or none principle

5. Factors Affecting Muscle Force Production
What are the three motor unit recruitment factors?
Explain each of the three factors and discuss whether they are trainable or not
Name the eight other factors in muscle force production
How can agonist, antagonist and synergist activation affect force production and can each of these be trained
What is a muscle spindle, what is it’s function and can it be trained, how

6. Factors Affecting Muscle Force Production
How is the golgi tendon organ stimulate, what does it cause, can it be trained
What is the force-length relationship, is it trainable
How does muscle size affect force production, is it trainable?
How does pre-stretching a muscle affect force production (three ways), can these be trained
How do muscle fiber types differ in force production
What is the size principle and is it trainable
What does the force-velocity curve look like, can it be changed
How does pennation affect force production, can pennation be trained

7. Respiratory Structure and Function
What are the four steps in making oxygen available for energy use and which structures in the body are responsible for each
What are the major respiratory structures of the body and where are they located (figure 1.14)
What are the muscles used for “quiet” inspiration and expiration and what are the muscles used for “forceful” inspiration and expiration
In which structure does gas exchange occur in the lungs, in the cells
What causes gas exchange to occur in these structures, how does it occur

8. Cardiovascular Structure and Function
What is the pathway of blood in the body, what are the two areas of circulation called
Name and locate the major structures of the heart (figure 1.9)
Explain the electrical conduction of the heart, name the structures involved and the sequence of events (figures 1.10 and 1.11)
How is the electrical activity of the heart measured, what is occurring during each of the major events (figure 1.12)