1. The Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome in Control of Plant Development 
Jefri Heyman, Lieven De Veylder 
Molecular Plant 
Volume 5, Issue 6, Pages (November 2012)
DOI: /mp/sss094
Copyright © 2012 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Composition of the Arabidopsis thaliana APC/C. (A) Schematic representation of the APC/C, based on the direct interaction studies and resolved APC/C structure from Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Schreiber et al. (2011) and da Fonseca et al. (2011). The APC/C core complex subunits are indicated in red, catalytic core subunits in orange, activator subunits in green, and positive/negative regulators (UVI4/PYM, OSD1/UVI4-Like/GIGAS, and SAMBA) in blue. (B) Interactome of the plant APC/C, composed from literature described yeast two-hybrid interactions. The APC/C core complex subunits are colored as in (A).
Molecular Plant 2012 5, DOI: ( /mp/sss094)
Copyright © 2012 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Phenotypic Effects of APC/C Mutation on Plant Development. (A) Seed development in wild-type and apc4-1/+ transgenic plants, reproduced with permission from Wang et al. (2012). apc4 homozygous mutants are gametophytic lethal, resulting into undeveloped ovules (indicated by arrowheads) and aborted seeds (indicated by open stars) upon self-pollination of apc4/+ mutants. (B) One-week-old wild-type and hbt mutant seedlings, reproduced with permission from Willemsen et al. (1998). hbt mutants show a strong dwarfed (or HOBBIT) phenotype due to severe root and shoot meristem defects. The hbt mutant seedling is shown at 4× magnification of the wild-type seedling. (C) Effect of CDC20-1/CDC20-2 co-silencing on Arabidopsis thaliana plant growth, reproduced with permission from Kevei et al. (2011). From left to right, plants with reducing CDC20-1/CDC20-2 co-silencing levels are shown. (D) Red-ripe wild-type (left) and CCS52A-silenced (right) tomato fruits, respectively, reproduced with permission from Mathieu-Rivet et al. (2010). The CCS52A silenced tomato fruits are smaller because of reduced DNA ploidy levels.(E) Wild-type and ccs52 mutant rice plants, reproduced with permission from Xu et al. (2012). Plants mutated in CCS52 show a dwarfed growth and disrupted kernel development. Scale = 10 cm. (F) Three-week-old rosettes of wild-type Col-0 and ccs52a2 mutant plants show a severe growth reduction upon mutation of CCS52A2 compared to wild type. Scale = 1 mm. (G) Confocal image of 5-day-old propidium-iodide-stained wild-type Col-0 and ccs52a2 mutant root meristems (scale = 50 µm). ccs52a2 mutant root meristems are disorganized due to differentiation of the QC and stem cells. (H) Scanning electron microscope image of wild-type Col-0 and ccs52a1 mutant trichomes shows a reduced trichome branch number of ccs52a1 mutants compared to wild-type trichomes. Scale = 500 µm.
Molecular Plant 2012 5, DOI: ( /mp/sss094)
Copyright © 2012 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Action of Plant-Specific Regulators on APC/C Activity during the Cell Cycle. (A) Cell cycle phase-specific expression of the UVI4 and OSD1 APC/C inhibitors. Relative expression levels in hydroxyurea-synchronized root tips show maximum transcription of UVI4 and OSD1 at the G1-to-S and the G2-to-M transition, respectively. The transcript level of non-synchronized root tips (0 h) was arbitrarily set to 1. Data represent mean ± SE (n = 2). (B) Schematic representation of APC/C activity during the cell cycle, together with its inhibitors UVI4 and OSD1, and putative substrates CYCB1;2 and CYCA2;3. During late G2 phase, OSD1 allows CYCB1;2 accumulation by APC/CCDC20 inhibition. Activation of APC/CCDC20 in early mitosis degrades CYCB1;2 until anaphase, when the APC/C is activated by CCS52A. During late G1 phase, APC/CCCS52A activity is inhibited by UVI4, ensuring accumulation of CYCA2;3 to allow progression into the G2/M phase. P, prophase; M, metaphase; A, anaphase; T, telophase.
Molecular Plant 2012 5, DOI: ( /mp/sss094)
Copyright © 2012 The Authors. All rights reserved. Terms and Conditions