1. The Industrial Revolution in America
The change in America in the way in which goods were produced. In the late 1700’s –early 1800’s new inventions were created that focused on machines producing goods instead of people making them by hand. This led to dramatic changes in many areas of the country. These changes actually began in England 50 years earlier.

2. Major Changes caused by the Industrial Revolution
The nation went from hand tools to machines
That led to the change from human or animal power to other sources of power like steam
This led many people to switch from farming to manufacturing to earn a living
This in turn led to more people leaving the rural (farm) areas and moving to the urban (city) areas.

3. Major Changes caused by the Industrial Revolution
The industry that was changed the most was the textile or clothing industry

4. Inventions that changed the Nation
Spinning Jenny (1764)
Invented by James Hargreaves
Made textile work much faster
because it could spin eight
threads at once unlike the typical
spinning wheel which spun one thread
at a time.

5. Inventions that changed the Nation
Water Loom (early 1800’s)
Edmund Cartwright
It was a loom that was powered by water and allowed workers to produce 200 times more cloth in a day then a loom powered by foot.

6. Inventions that changed the Nation
Cotton Gin (1793)
Eli Whitney
A machine that cleaned cotton 50 times faster than hand cleaning
Allowed farmers to plant more cotton and make a quicker profit and increased the use of cotton as a cloth

7. Inventions that changed the Nation
Interchangeable parts (Early 1800’s)
Eli Whitney
Made identical machine made parts for guns so that the whole gun did not need to be replaced
Saved time and money—and allowed for machine made goods to be easier to fix

8. Inventions lead to Factories

9. Inventions lead to Factories
Because of the new inventions in textile manufacturing many large factories were built along rivers in New England. These factories offered work to those who were struggling as farmers. These factories caused many people to leave the rural farms of the north and move to cities where these factories were located.
Women and children were often the primary workers in these factories. This caused the families to change—where they had all once worked together—now some are leaving to find jobs.

10. Lowell, Massachusetts

11. Lowell, Massachusetts
In Lowell live between 7,000-8,000 young women, who are
generally daughters of farmers of the different states of New England. The girls work 13 hours a day in the summer time, and from daylight to dark in the winter. At half past four in the morning the factory bell rings, and at five the girls must be in the mills. A clerk, placed as a watch, observes those who are a few minutes behind the time, and effectual means are taken to stimulate to punctuality. At seven the girls are allowed 30 minutes for breakfast and at noon 30 minutes more for dinner, But within this time they must hurry to their boardinghouses and return to the factory,
At seven o'clock in the evening the factory bell sounds the close of the day's work.

12. Lowell, Massachusetts
The girls attend upon an average 3 looms; many attend 4. The atmosphere of such a room cannot of course be pure; on the contrary, it is charged with cotton filaments and dust, which, we are told, are very injurious to the lungs. On entering the room, although the day was warm, we remarked that the windows were down. We asked the reason, and a young woman answered "when the wind blew, the threads did not work well." After we had been in the room for 15 or 20 minutes, we found ourselves, in quite a perspiration, produced by a certain moisture which we observed in the air, as well as by the heat. The young women sleep upon an average 6 in a room, 3 beds to a room. There is no privacy, here.  

13. Lowell, Massachusetts
Many young women from farms in Massachusetts, Vermont, New Hampshire, and Maine were enticed by the generous pay offered at the Massachusetts Lowell Mills. The Lowell Mills offered the highest wages available to women anywhere in America in The average female mill worker’s pay ranged from $.44 to $1.58 per day, depending on her speed and skill. For
poor farm girls, the other alternative to working in
the mills was domestic work that paid
about fifty cents per week.

14. The Nation Expands
After the American Revolution many Americans began to move west. With the development of the Land Ordinance of 1785 & the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 this vast territory began to develop into states. When a territory had 60,000 people and a set government it could apply to become a part of the United States. As a result 8 states entered by 1819.
Kentucky –1792
Tennessee—1796
Ohio—1803
Louisiana—1812
Indiana—1816
Mississippi—1817
Illinois—1818
Alabama-1819

15. The Nation Expands
As the nation expanded west new means of transportation
began to develop to meet the needs of these travelers
Turnpikes—road built by private companies—these
companies charged people a toll to use their road
—this money helped them maintain the road and
expand them too.
Bridges—needed to carry travelers over the vast streams and
rivers—began using covered or stone bridges so
they would last longer

17. The Nation Expands Corduroy Road: to keep large wagons from sinking in
the mud westerners built these roads
out of split logs lined up next to each other

18. The Nation Expands
The National Road—early road to the west that began in Cumberland Maryland and stretched to Illinois. The road was to be built with federal money since it went through many states.

19. The Nation Expands
Steam Boats: Invented by John Fitch and improved upon by Robert Fulton
Carried goods and people easier and made for quicker travel

21. The Nation Expands
Canals: artificial channels filled with water that allowed boats to cross a stretch of land
Made shipping time and costs much less.
THE ERIE CANAL
Clinton's Big Ditch" The Erie Canal is famous in song and story. Proposed in 1808 and completed in 1825, the canal links the waters of Lake Erie in the west to the Hudson River in the east. When finally completed on October 26, 1825, it was the engineering marvel of its day.

23. The End