1. History 8/3-Who or what is this according to historians?

2. History 8/3
Grab a sheet from up front and start working on it. Use your notes from yesterday to help you.

4. 2 Early Human Time Periods
Paleolithic Age
2.5 million-8,000 B.C.E
AKA The Stone Age
Hominids such as Neanderthals walked the earth
Hunters and Gatherers
Neolithic Age/Revolution
8,000 B.C.E-3,000 B.C.E
People began to grow crops (farming)
Domesticated animals
Led to the world’s 1st civilization

5. Neolithic Revolution Impact
Discuss with a partner beside you or near you.
List five effects of the Neolithic Revolution (the emergence of farming). How could this impact a group of people and lead them to become a civilization?

6. The 5 Characteristics of Civilization
1. Advanced Cities
2. Specialized Workers
3. Complex Institutions-government, religion, law system
4. Record Keeping-writing system, alphabet, number system, etc.
5. Advanced Technology

7. The World’s First Civilization
Mesopotamia
The World’s First Civilization

8. The world’s first civilizations all began in river valleys
Ancient Egypt
China
Indus Valley
The first civilization began in an area known as Mesopotamia

9. The first civilization that developed in the “Fertile Crescent” of Mesopotamia was the kingdom of Sumer
Surrounding deserts and the lack of natural barriers attracted outsiders to Mesopotamia and made the Sumerians vulnerable to attack; this led to other kingdoms rising in Mesopotamia

10. The Sumerians (3,000 B.C.E)
Created City-States with high walls (Ur, Uruk, Lagash, Umma)
Center of each city-state was a ziggurat or temple
Polytheistic-Believed in many gods
Priests ruled the city-states

11. The Sumerians Tigris and Euphrates Rivers were unpredictable
Built extensive irrigation systems for farming, using the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers
Developed many innovations:
Cuneiform-world’s first writing system
Number system in base 60 (Good in Math)
Wheel, plow, and sail

12. The Babylonians (2,000 B.C.E)
Invaded Sumer and established their capital at Babylon
The Babylonian Empire reached its height during the reign of Hammurabi ( B.C.E)
The Code of Hammurabi
World’s First Law System
282 Laws