2. Solutions

3. Solution
Homogeneous mixtures containing two or more substances called the solute and the solvent.

4. Solute
A substance dissolved in a solution

5. Solvent The substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution

6. Recall:
solution: a homogeneous mixture that contain particles that don’t settle

7. The Dissolution Process
Seven Homogeneous Possibilities
Solute Solvent Example
Solid Liquid salt water
Liquid Liquid mixed drinks
Gas Liquid carbonated beverages
Liquid Solid Jello
Solid Solid gold jewelry
Gas Solid styrofoam
Gas Gas air
Two Heterogeneous Possibilities
Solid Gas dust in air
Liquid Gas clouds, fog

8. The Dissolution Process
Two Heterogeneous Possibilities
Solid Gas dust in air
Liquid Gas clouds, fog

9. Describes a substance that can be dissolved in a given solvent.
Soluble
Describes a substance that can be dissolved in a given solvent.

10. Insoluble
Describes a substance that cannot be dissolved in a given solvent.

11. Immiscible
Describes two liquids that can be mixed together but separate shortly after you cease mixing them.

12. Miscible
Describes two liquids that are soluble in each other.

13. Solvation When the solute surrounds the solvent to form a solution
"Like dissolves like“
Polar dissolves Polar
Nonpolar dissolves Nonpolar

15. Solvation

17. Solubility
The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure.

18. Solubility

19. Factors that Affect Solubility
Temperature
Pressure

20. Temperature
Many substances are more soluble at high temperatures (S and L)

22. Temperature
The solubility of a gaseous solute decreases as the solution's temperature increases

23. Pressure affects the solubility of gaseous solutes.
The solubility of a gas in any solvent increases as pressure increases. (Keep the cap on the bottle of soda.)

24. When temperature increases, the solubility of gases in liquid decreases.

25. The variety and number of organisms is controlled somewhat by the relationship between dissolved oxygen and temperature.

26. Solute
A substance dissolved in a solution

27. Solvent The substance that dissolves a solute to form a solution

28. Which is the solute and solvent?

29. On the molecular level, dissolving of a solid (like sugar) occurs when molecules of solvent interact with and separate molecules of solute

30. Rate of Dissolving
How fast one substance will dissolve in another substance.

31. Is how much solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent.
Concentration
Is how much solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

32. Concentration
Two ways of describing:
Concentrated
Dilute

33. Dilute
Small amount of solute in a large amount of solvent Concentrated Large amount of solute in a small amount of solvent

34. Molarity
The number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution; Molarity = moles of solute liters of solution

36. Saturated vs Unsaturated

37. Saturated - Contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute for a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure.

38. Unsaturated - Contains less dissolved solute for a given temperature and pressure than a saturated solution.

39. Supersaturated - Contains more dissolved solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature.

40. Supersaturated Sodium Acetate Supersaturated Solution

41. Solubility of KClO3
Supersaturated
Saturated
Unsaturated

42. Solubility of KClO3
Supersaturated
Saturated
Unsaturated