1. Evidence of Evolution Fossils Geography Comparative Embryology
Comparative anatomy
Comparative biochemistry

2. 1.Fossils
The remains or tracks of an organism that died a long time ago that has been preserved by a natural process.
The relative age of a fossil can
be determined by knowing the age of the rock layer
(Higher rock layer – closer to earth’s surface ‘younger’ fossil than found in lower rock layer)

5. No dinosaur in the world compares to SUE—the largest, most complete, and best preserved Tyrannosaurus rex ever discovered.

8. Trilobite fossils

10. A baby mammoth has been uncovered in the permafrost of north-west Siberia

11. Lyuba

13. Archeopteryx – Bird or reptile?
- feathers (birds)
- teeth and fingers (reptiles)

14. The fossil turtle Odontochelys semitestacea

15. 2. Geography
Species could adapt to different evironments – for example Darwin’s finches and the Galapagos tortoises.

16. Darwin’s
Famous
Finches

17. Darwin noticed they were all similar, but also slightly different.
Each was adapted to a different “niche” for the island they lived on.
They were all shared a common ancestor from the South American mainland.

18. Saddle back tortoise – long neck
to reach tall plants.
Domed tortoise has short
neck and legs and live in areas
with low vegetation like mosses.

19. 3. Comparative Embryology
2 Species that show similar
traits during embryological
development likely have a
common ancestor.
For example vertebrate
embryos show structures such
as a tail, yolk sac and gill slits.

20. human
dolphin

21. 4. Comparative Anatomy: Comparing body parts of different species.
4.1) Homologous structures:
Similar body parts that originated in a common ancestor, but now perform different functions.
For example: Wing of a bat, Flipper of a whale, Front leg of a cat, Human hand.

22. Internal structures are similar and indicate
evolutionary relationships between these animals.
These limbs are modifications of an original forelimb found in an
early shared ancestor.

23. 4.2 Analogous structures:
Structures that perform the same function, but are different in structure and not similar in origin.
For example:
Insect wing and
Bird wing.

24. 4.3 Vestigial structures:
Remnants of organs or structures that once had a function in an early ancestor, but lost their function over time.

25. 5. Comparative Biochemistry/ Molecular evidence:
Comparison of the nucleotide
sequence in DNA and RNA
of different species.
Comparison of the
amino acid
sequence in proteins.
More similar the
sequences =
more closer related the
species are.