1. What are the chemical messengers of the nervous system called
What are the chemical messengers of the nervous system called? Who makes them?

2. Endocrine system is made of glands that make hormones

3. Ductless Glands Endocrine glands make hormones
These are ductless glands
Hormones are always secreted into the blood stream
Hormones are secreted in very small amounts
Work over a long period of time…they work slowly

4. Is salivary gland an endocrine gland?
Why not an endocrine gland?
It doesn’t make hormones and has DUCTS
It is an exocrine gland…

5. How do glands know when and how much hormones to make?
They are regulated by negative feedback mechanism
Who tells these glands to make their hormones?

6. Pituitary Gland is the master gland…
HYPOTHALAMUS
WHY?
It controls all other glands..

7. Pituitary Gland Controls Growth
Has a big JOB>>>
to produce and release different HORMONES
These hormones then give messages to other glands to make their hormones

8. Endocrine system

9. Lets talk about pancreas…

10. Islets of langerhan cells of pancreas make insulin and glucagon
What type of molecules are insulin and glucagon?

11. Insulin lowers blood sugar. How?
It gives message to cells to uptake glucose from blood.
HOW?

12. Insulin lowers blood sugar. How?
How does insulin lower blood sugar levels?

13. What happens to the extra glucose in blood?
BLOOD GOES BACK TO LIVER
Asks for glucose back!!!!
What happens if you don’t eat and blood glucose goes down …and cells need more glucose? Or, how can we bring up blood glucose levels?
Who is the messenger now?
INSULIN
Give sugar back please
Request the liver to store it as…

14. What happens to the extra glucose?
How does liver take up this glucose?
What happens if you don’t eat and blood glucose goes down …and cells need more glucose? Or, how can we bring up blood glucose levels?
Insulin
Please store glucose as…

15. Insulin in blood signals the cells to uptake glucose
How does signaling work?
How do cells receive the message?
Cells have Receptors to receive messages
How do receptors work?
The signal, INSULIN, binds to the receptors on the cell surface and the cells UNLOCK to absorb glucose.
What makes insulin bind to the receptor molecules?
The signal (insulin) and the receptor on the cell’s surface fits because of its shape

16. Insulin in blood signals the cells to uptake glucose
How does the signaling work?
How do cells receive the message?
Receptors
How?
Describe how insulin helps cells to uptake glucose?

18. How does insulin work?
Hormones are always released in blood…

19. Glucagon does the opposite…it increases the blood sugar…

20. What happens if cells don’t respond to insulin?
They fail to absorb glucose and blood glucose level increases
DIABETES

21. How Pancreas regulates blood sugar?
What is this mechanism called?
Negative feedback regulation

23. Ok, I’ll hold it…store it as GLYCOGEN

24. Ok, I’ll hold it…store it as GLYCOGEN

33. - + Thyroid makes thyroxin
Hypothalamus senses it and tells pituitary to stop making TSH…
Low thyroxin levels detected by hypothalamus
When enough thyroxin is there in blood… -
It tells pituitary gland
Pituitary makes TSH
Thyroid makes thyroxin +

34. Liver, small intestine

37. Pancreas

42. Pituitary Gland Controls Growth
If your clothes from last year are too small, it's because your pituitary gland released special hormones that made you grow.
This gland is a big player in puberty too. This is the time when boys' and girls' bodies go through major changes as they slowly become men and women, all thanks to hormones released by the pituitary gland…
Will talk about other hormones later….

43. Pituitary- dehydration response