1. Commas with Introductory Elements
Writing Lab
Commas with Introductory Elements

2. Separate Introduction
Be sure to separate the introductory element (regardless of length) from the sentence by using a comma.
Examples:
Meanwhile, there was nothing to do but wait.
Because we were afraid, we left.
In 1994, the Republicans gained strength.

3. Avoid Confusion
Sometimes, not having a comma after an introductory element can cause confusion:
Without a comma
When the riot started the police arrived.
“the riot started the police”?
With a comma
When the riot started, the police arrived.

4. Avoid Confusion cont. Without a comma With a comma
Whenever you can come and visit me in Texas.
This statement reads as a fragment.
With a comma
Whenever you can, come and visit me in Texas.

5. Let’s Practice! To tell the truth I have never read Silas Marner.
Toward the end everyone studies.
Though the hurricane winds had started people refused to leave.
If you tell me to go I’ll pick up and leave.

6. Practice Answers To tell the truth, I have never read Silas Marner.
Toward the end, everyone studies.
Though the hurricane winds had started, people refused to leave.
If you tell me to go, I’ll pick up and leave.

7. That’s all, folks!
This lesson is part of the UWF Writing Lab Grammar Mini-Lesson Series
Lessons adapted from Real Good Grammar, Too by Mamie Webb Hixon
To find out more, visit the Writing Lab’s website where you can take a self-scoring quiz corresponding to this lesson