1. Test 4
Layers of The Earth, Forces on Earth’s Surface, Forces inside the Earth’s surface

2. Thin layer of rocks and minerals that surrounds the mantle
Crust
Thin layer of rocks and minerals that surrounds the mantle

3. Thick, rocky layer around the core
Mantle
Thick, rocky layer around the core

4. Inner core
Solid center of Earth

5. Liquid layer that surrounds the inner core
Outer core
Liquid layer that surrounds the inner core

6. 75% of the Earth’s surface
Water
75% of the Earth’s surface

7. Thick layer of gases or air
Atmosphere
Thick layer of gases or air

8. Process that breaks down rocks into tiny pieces
Weathering
Process that breaks down rocks into tiny pieces

9. Process in which water, wind or ice remove small pieces of rock
Erosion
Process in which water, wind or ice remove small pieces of rock

10. Process of depositing material that has been eroded
Deposition
Process of depositing material that has been eroded

11. Large flat area that rises above the surrounding land
plateau
Large flat area that rises above the surrounding land

12. Large area of flat, gently rolling land
plains
Large area of flat, gently rolling land

13. Flat plains built on sea beds where a river fans out
delta
Flat plains built on sea beds where a river fans out

14. Low land between mountains and valleys

15. A theory that the crust is made up of huge blocks
Plate Tectonics
A theory that the crust is made up of huge blocks

16. Huge blocks that make up the crust
plates
Huge blocks that make up the crust

17. Molten, nearly melted rock
magma
Molten, nearly melted rock

18. Seams in the Earth’s crust
faults
Seams in the Earth’s crust

19. What increases as you go deeper inside the Earth?
Temperature, pressure, and density

20. The lithosphere is a combination of what two layers?
The crust and the mantle

21. How thick is the crust?
5-70km

22. What is the thickest layer?
The mantle

23. How is erosion different from weathering?
Erosion carries pieces of rock, weathering breaks down the rock

24. How do earthquakes occur?
Plates rub against each other

25. What causes a volcano to spew lava?
Pressure from plate movement

26. What are some agents of erosion?
Wind, water, and ice

27. How is mechanical weathering different from chemical weathering?
Chemical weathering alters the chemical makeup of the rock, mechanical does not

28. On which layer does water exist?
The crust

29. The thinnest part of the Earth is the _________
crust

30. The ____________ is easily able to flow due to its temperature
mantle

31. What types of changes does erosion cause?
Physical changes

32. List all characteristics of a plateau
Steep on one side
Thick rock on top that is hard to erode
Flat and rises above surrounding land

33. The atmosphere holds in ________ from the _______
Heat from the sun

34. This layer is responsible for the movement of plates on the Earth’s crust
mantle

35. Give two examples of how earthquakes can affect people
Destroy buildings
Cause harm to people

36. Danger: burn from heat, poisonous gas
Give one reason volcanoes are dangerous for people and one reason volcanoes can be beneficial to people
Danger: burn from heat, poisonous gas
Benefit: new land is created when lava cools

37. Why are natural disasters also known as natural hazards
They are dangerous

38. List six natural disasters/ hazards
Earthquake, volcano, hurricane, tornado, landslide, flood

39. Architects design safer buildings
Give some examples of precautions that can be made for natural disaster occurrences
Evacuation routes
Practice drills
Emergency supplies
Architects design safer buildings

40. Pass laws about architechture Keep people informed
What challenges face leaders of areas that often experience earthquakes and eruptions?
Pass laws about architechture
Keep people informed
Train safety workers
Provide emergency housing
Evacuation routes

41. How would are lives change if the Earth’s atmosphere was damaged?
Earth might become too cold to support life

42. How have been plates been moving in area in recent years?
To choose a safe location for a new town, what questions about the Earth’s structure and movement would you ask? Explain
How have been plates been moving in area in recent years?
Where are the plate edges located?
These questions would help you determine the danger of earthquakes or volcanoes in a particular location