1. Rocks & Minerals
ROCKS & MINERALS

2. Minerals must be: Naturally occurring made from non-living things
(fossils & coal are made from living things that died so are not considered minerals)
Not man made

3. Minerals must be: Solid Have a fixed shape and volume
Never living- inorganic

4. Minerals must have: Have a definite crystal structure
particles line up in a regular, repeating pattern.
flat sides called faces, that meet at sharp edges and corners.

5. Minerals must have: A definite chemical composition
Always contains certain elements in the same proportion.
Almost all minerals are compounds, (two or more different elements chemically joined).

6. Minerals Review All minerals must: Occur naturally in nature
Inorganic solid
Crystal structure
Definite chemical composition

7. Properties of Minerals
Hardness
A measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched.

8. Properties of Minerals
Color
first thing noticed about minerals

9. Properties of Minerals
Luster
The way a mineral reflects light.
Can be metallic or non-metallic.
Shiny or dull.
waxy, pearly, glassy.
This is a gem stone called tourmaline it has a glassy luster

10. Properties of Minerals
Streak
The color of its powder.
Not always the same as the color of the mineral.

11. Rocks Rocks are made of more than one mineral
Could have other substances comprising them
blue.utb.edu/.../PHYS1417SPR00/Unit3Lec.html

12. Rocks Classification classified by geologic process that formed them (origin of rocks)

13. Rock Classification How were the rocks formed - magma
- erosion and layering
- heat and pressure

14. Origin of rocks
Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling of magma or lava
Lava is magma that reaches the earth’s surface

15. Origin of rocks
Sedimentary rocks formed from other rocks that are broken into small particles and moved by erosion (wind or water)
particles are squeezed or cemented together
Rocks are layered

16. Origin of rocks Metamorphic rocks formed from other rocks
pushed deep into the earth’s crust
Pressure and heat cause them to change shape, color, grain and structure

17. Properties
Texture
Grain
Minerals
Color

18. Texture Texture is how a rock looks and feels
texture in rocks is determined by the size, shape, and pattern of a rocks grains.
ocal.wasp.uwa.edu.au/.../rock/rock16.jpeg

19. Grain Size -- large, small Shape --smooth, rough, round jagged
Pattern – rows, waves, swirls, beads or random patterns

20. Rock cycle