1. TEMPERATURE ( What is it?) Date___________
Temperature is a measure of___________________________________ ____________________________________________________________
Total KE of all of the RP of a sample
Kinetic energy(KE) is the energy of motion
Random (in all directions)
Motion of RP’s is: 1. ___________________________________
2.____________________________________
At different speeds (centered on the average)
Pool table analogy -
Start with all at rest
Strike the que and hit the front ball of the pack
All balls start to move/ collide with each other and the walls of the table
Eventually the balls come to a stop
Their KE was transformed into thermal energy. (INELASTIC COLLISIONS*)
Elastic vs. Inelastic collisions-
KE is not conserved *
ElASTIC COLLISIONS: KE is conserved…. The particles have same speed before and after collision OR…. If one slows down, one must speed up.

2. Is the speed of all RP’s in a sample the same? Yes/No
RP’s have a distribution of speeds
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution
# RP’s
Speed (m/s)
100
200
300
400
500
Most probable speed
Few here
Few here

3. How are temperature and KE related?
Distribution of RP with respect to speed/ KE in a sample
KE = ½ mv2
Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution
# RP’s
Speed (m/s)
100
200
300
400
500
# RP’s
Kinetic Energy (J/RP)
Distribution of RP’s with respect to KE
How are temperature and KE related?

4. Temperature and Maxwell- Boltzmann Distribution
For a given sample ( a collection of billions and billions of RP’s)
‘hotter” =_________________________________
Know…. Temperature – Increases OR decreases OR stays the same
Kinetic Energy – of the RP Increases OR decreases OR stays the same
on average, the RP__________________
or, more __________________________
and fewer move_____________________
Thermal energy increases
Moves faster
Move faster
Move slower
# RP’s
Kinetic Energy (J/RP)
KEavg
KEavg

5. Temperature and Maxwell- Boltzmann Distribution
For a given sample ( a collection of billions and billions of RP’s)
‘hotter” =_________________________________
Know…. Temperature – Increases OR decreases OR stays the same
Kinetic Energy – of the RP Increases OR decreases OR stays the same
on average, the RP__________________
or, more __________________________
and fewer move_____________________
Thermal energy increases
Moves faster
Move faster
Move slower
# RP’s
Kinetic Energy (J/RP)
KEavg
Thermal energy decreases
Colder” =_________________________________
Know…. Temperature – _____________________
Kinetic Energy –of the RP _________________
on average, the RP__________________
or, more __________________________
and fewer move_____________________
“colder”
decreases
KEavg
decreases
move slower
move slower
“hotter”
move faster

6. Measuring Temperature
Temperature is some measure of __________________________________________________________________________
The thermal energy of a sample that is reflected in the distribution of KE of RP
KE = ½ mv2
# RP’s
Kinetic Energy (J/RP)
Distribution of RP’s with respect to KE
To measure the KE of a sample directly one would_____________________________________________________
Measure the mass and speed of Each RP!
IMPOSSIBLE, RP are to small to measure
Temperature is our indirect measure of thermal energy. We measure temperature using__________________
Thermometer