1. Ch 13, Sec 1-2 “The Northern Economy and People

2. Rise of Northern Industry
Move from farming to factories
Rise in technology
New ways to communicate

3. Three Phases of Industrialization
1. tasks given out to individual workers
2. Factories were built to house all of one industry
3. New machines introduced to factories

4. Benefits of Industrialization
People could specialize in one task
Increased speed of production
More profitable
2/3rds of all goods came from northern factories

5. Elias Howe Invented the sewing machine
Made it possible to mass produce clothes
One of many people who benefited from mass production

6. Improved Transportation in the North and Midwest
Rise in railroads and canals to ship goods
1,000s of miles of railroad across the U.S.
3,000 steamboats traveled the rivers/canals
Clipper Ships-made travel to Europe faster
11-14 days instead of days

7. Railroads First used for mining
1830-Peter Cooper invented the first U.S. train
Failure to beat a horse in a race
1840s-first successful trains started running on 3,000 miles of track
Majority of tracks were in the North/Midwest

8. Successes with Trains and Canals
Moved goods faster than traveling down the Mississippi River
Allowed Midwest farmers direct access to eastern markets
Lowered the prices of goods
Brought people out West to settle new lands

9. Samuel Morse Created the telegraph Talked using Morse code
Used dots/dashes for letters
Allowed for fast communication of information
United the country like never before

10. Farming Technology John Deere’s steel-tipped plow McCormick’s Reaper
Could tear through thick sod of the Great Plains
McCormick’s Reaper
Allowed for farmers to harvest grain faster
Thresher
Quickly separated the
grain from the stalk

11. Results of Technology on Farming
Increased the amount of crops grown
Harvest crops faster
Made farming profitable
Allowed for the Midwest/Great Plains to be settled
Farming moved out west allowing the north to concentrate on factories

12. Northern Factories Produced
Started off making clothes
Made shoes, watches, guns, sewing machines, and farm equipment
Also made furniture and everyday household products

13. Working Conditions Worked over 11 hours a day Rise in accidents
No laws to protect the workers
Hot temps and no air conditioning in the summer
Cold temps and no heat in the winter

14. Trade Unions
Groups of people with the same job came together for better working conditions
Strikes:
Workers refused to work
Wanted to only work 10 hours
Illegal to strike until 1842

15. African American Workers
Little slavery in the North
Discriminated against due to their skin color
Many states did not allow non-whites to vote, go to school, and go into public buildings
Most were poor

16. Women Workers Paid less than men in factories Discriminated against
Could not join unions
Not hired so men could be have the jobs

17. Results of the factories
Increased the jobs available for uneducated people
Rise of big cities/booming populations
Great Lakes became a shipping hub for the U.S.
Rise of river/lake cities (St. Louis, Chicago, Detroit, Cincinnati)
Rise in Immigration

18. Immigration-Why did people come over?
Welcomed by factories
Cheap labor and reduced strikes/work stoppage
Irish
Came over due to a potato famine in the 1840s
Could not afford land to farm in U.S./worked in factories/on the railroads
Germans
Came over for work/escape war
Settled mostly in Midwest for farming

19. Impact on Immigration
U.S. started blending cultures, languages, religion, etc
Rise in Catholic Church
Cities settled by one group dominated most aspects of life
Ex: What language was spoken
Ex: Rules on education/how to raise children

20. Nativists People who opposed immigration
Threatened by new people/cultures
Hated immigrants for stealing jobs/working for less than Americans
Accused immigrants for rise in crime/disease instead of the rise of overpopulated cities

21. Know-Nothing Party
A nativist political party who were against Catholics
Wanted strict citizenship laws
Group split over the issue of slavery