1. APA Citations
An Overview

2. Reasons for Citations
The primary reason that we cite information when we research and write papers is to give credit to the person who wrote research we want to use
Another reason is to link previous research to our research
There are several times when other researchers want to use information that we have found. Citations allow for others to find that information easily.
To avoid plagiarism
What is plagiarism?
Plagiarism can happen even if you did not mean to steal but you cite a source in an incorrect way

3. Using basic style…
APA Citation Guide

4. Short Quotations
If you are directly quoting from a work, you will need to include the author, year of publication, and the page number for the reference (preceded by "p."). Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses.
According to Jones (1998), "Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).
Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers?
If the author is not named in a signal phrase, place the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation.
She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.

5. Long Quotations
Place direct quotations that are 40 words, or longer, in a free-standing block of typewritten lines, and omit quotation marks. Start the quotation on a new line, indented 1/2 inch from the left margin, i.e., in the same place you would begin a new paragraph. Type the entire quotation on the new margin, and indent the first line of any subsequent paragraph within the quotation 1/2 inch from the new margin. Maintain double-spacing throughout. The parenthetical citation should come after the closing punctuation mark.
Jones's (1998) study found the following: 
Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time citing sources. This difficulty could be attributed to the fact that many students failed to purchase a style manual or to ask their teacher for help. (p. 199)

7. Summary or Paraphrase
If you are paraphrasing an idea from another work, you only have to make reference to the author and year of publication in your in-text reference, but APA guidelines encourage you to also provide the page number (although it is not required.)
According to Jones (1998), APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners.
APA style is a difficult citation format for first-time learners (Jones, 1998, p. 199).

8. How to deal with specific situations…
APA Citation Guide

9. Examples – How do you cite this?
Student engagement, for the purpose of this study, is defined as the combination of enthusiasm, interest, participation, and interaction as it is incorporated in deeper learning and self-regulation ____________________
Kahu, E. (2013). Framing student engagement in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 38(5),
First time: (Kahu, 2013).
Second time: (Kahu, 2013).

10. Examples – How do you cite this?
As stated earlier and in alignment with general practices of constant comparative analysis studies, the primary purpose of this study was to generate theory ________________________
Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. New York: Aldine De Gruyter.
Page 21
First time: (Glaser & Strauss, 1967, p. 21).
Second time: (Glaser & Strauss, 1967, p. 21).

11. Examples – How do you cite this?
New technology continues to challenge the paradigm of language instruction and provide new opportunities to engage students in language learning _______________________
Chun, H., Lee, H., & Kim, D. (2012). The Integrated Model of Smartphone Adoption: Hedonic and Utilitarian Value Perceptions of Smartphones Among Korean College Students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(9),
First time: (Chun, Lee, & Kim, 2012).
Second time: (Chun et al., 2012).

12. Examples – How do you cite this?
In their pilot study on Poll Everywhere, researchers _______________________________ found that students were more active to participate and remained happier to do so.
Warnich, P., & Gordon, C. (2015). The integration of cell phone technology and poll everywhere as teaching and learning tools in the school History classroom. Yesterday and Today, 13,
First time: Warnich and Gordon (2015)
Second time: Warnich and Gordon (2015)

13. Examples – How do you cite this?
Although Korean students want to learn English and other subjects in meaningful ways, a preconceived notion of what makes a good student persists: “being quiet in class, listening carefully, and taking precise notes” ____________________
Lee, G. (2009). Speaking up: Six Korean students' oral participation in class discussions in US graduate seminars. English for Specific Purposes, 28(3),
Page 143
First time: (Lee, 2009, p. 143).
Second time: (Lee, 2009, p. 143).

14. Examples – How do you cite this?
Type: Book
Author: H.D. Brown
Year: 2014
Title: Principles of Language Learning and Teaching
Edition: 6th edition
Publisher: Pearson Education, Inc.
Publisher location: New York City, New York
Full Citation: Brown, H. D. (2014). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching (6th ed.). New York: Pearson Education, Inc.

15. Examples – How do you cite this?
Type: Journal Article
Author: D. Damron and J. Mott
Year: 2006
Title: Creating an Interactive Classroom: Enhancing Student Engagement and Learning in Political Science Courses
Journal Name: Journal of Political Science Education
Volume: 1
Issue Number: 3
Pages
Full Citation: Damron, D., & Mott, J. (2006). Creating an Interactive Classroom: Enhancing Student Engagement and Learning in Political Science Courses. Journal of Political Science Education, 1(3),