1. Chapter 17 Choline and Brain Development
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FIGURE 17.1 Molecular structures of choline and betaine
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FIGURE 17.2 Choline metabolism. Enzymes are represented by EC numbers ( , choline dehydrogenase; , betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase; , betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase; , methionine synthase; , PtdEtn N-methyltransferase; , DNA (cytosine-5-)-methyltransferase; , choline O-acetyltransferase; , methionine adenosyltransferase; , choline kinase; , choline-phosphate cytidylyltransferase; , diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase; , phospholipase A2; , lysophospholipase; , glycerophosphocholine phosphodiesterase; , phospholipase C; , phospholipase D; , adenosylhomocysteinase). PtdEtn, phosphatidylethanolamine; THF, tetrahydrofolate.
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FIGURE 17.3 Choline deficiency alters brain development.
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