1. DGMD S-44 Introduction to 2D Animation
#3: Photoshop Photo Manipulation
Blending Modes, Masks, and Transforms
After Effects for compiling image sequences with audio.

2. Welcome to meeting #2! A few reminders
Homework is due posted on Piazza at 5:30 Tuesdays and Thursdays, 1 hour before class starts. This will usually be an Adobe file (.PSD or .FLA) and a YouTube link of your rendered .MP4.
Classwork is due on Piazza 24 hours after each class meeting (reply to your own classwork thread each week)
We want to help you! We are delighted by your every and question! Please contact us with any concern as soon as it arises. We always strive to respond within 24 hours, usually MUCH sooner, but if your question is urgent and you need help faster than you are getting it, please do not hesitate to write URGENT in the header line and us more than once.
De-sync people: Remember you are expected to constructively respond to at least two classmates work each week and to the teacher and TA each Monday.

3. Project 2: Art Alive - Samples
For the second project you will animate elements of a famous painting or photograph. For next class you will use Photo-manipulation tools in Photoshop to cut elements out and fill in the space behind them. For next week you will then animate those elements against the background in Photoshop, record a scratch audio track, and compile in Adobe After Effects or Adobe Premiere.

4. Project 2: Art Alive - Samples
Think of it like puppetry: you are pulling puppets out of these paintings to animate by next week. You can also include drawings of new content, but you are tasked with making this new content feel like it is part of the original. Use the color picker, and consider the style of the medium: contrast, brush stroke, and context. Naturally, please keep the content appropriate to a mixed-age class.

5. Photoshop: Rendering an Image Sequence
TO EXPORT YOUR FILM AS A SEQUENCE OF FRAMES:
Create a new folder to hold your project: “YourName_project2.” Put your Photoshop file in there and add a new folder “frames.”
In Photoshop, File > Export > Render Video
Wait for initializing to complete.
Set destination folder to “frames” inside your project folder.
Choose “Photoshop Image Sequence”
Set format to PNG (if you render without a background, this will create transparency in the rendered frames) or JPEG (smaller file size, no transparency option).
Set framerate to 24fps (from 30).
Render and look in your folder to see the sequence!

6. Adobe After Effects: Compile Render
IMPORT the frame sequence: [Cmd/Ctrl]+[i] to browse and select the first frame in the sequence, hit [Open]. All frames should import as a single sequence file.
SET FRAMERATE: Rightclick the frame sequence to choose Interpret Footage > Main [Cmd]+[Alt]+[g] and set frame rate to 24 fps.
Drag this file down into the film icon to put them in a NEW COMP.
Add any SFX. Open their waveform to help synchronize, hit numpad [.] to listen.
RENDER: Select Comp in Project, Composition > Add to Render Queue. Set Output Module to MP4 or Quicktime (H264) and turn on Audio. Set Output To location and name and hit [Render].
KEYBOARD EDITING SHORTCUTS:
Cut selected footage at scrubber position: [Alt]+[ [ ] or [ ] ]
Duplicate selected footage: [Cmd]+[d].
Split selected footage at scrubber position: [Shift]+[Cmd]+[d]
Snap selected footage to start or end at scrubber position: “[” or “]”
Advance scrubber forward / back 1 frame: [Page Up] / [Page Down]
Add empty background color layer: Layer menu > New > Solid.

7. Adobe Premiere 1: Getting Started
Adobe Premier offers strong editing tools with real-time playback.
GETTING STARTED:
1. Adjust Shortcuts: Open Premier Pro CC menu > Keyboard Shortcuts
Click the [W]. in LowRight delete all 3 Commands (they are terrible).
In the LowLeft search block type "speed" for Speed/Duration. Drag the numpad[1] next to it in the LowLeft panel, to make an easier shortcut.
Hit [OK].
2. Import Footage: [Ctrl/Cmd]+[i] to bring footage into the Project panel.
DoubleClick the footage clip in the project (LowLeft) to view it in the Viewer (UpLeft). Note the video and audio icons below the clip. Selecting and dragging just one of these into the Timeline (LowRight) allows us to bring just video or just audio into the final edit.
Drag the footage clip from the Project (LowLeft) to the Timeline (LowRight), to bring both video and audio tracks. Press [Spacebar] to Play and Stop (toggles) or drag the scrubber.
3. Set Sequence Properties: Choose [Change Sequence Settings].
Sequence > Sequence Settings to set Video Size Horizontal and Vertical (near top). Set Editing Mode to Custom and change aspect ratio to Standard HD: 1920x1080 or 1280x720.

8. Adobe Premiere 2: Editing
EDITING: We usually want to make 3 kinds of changes to a performance: delete unwanted sections, speed up slow sections, and silence bad audio:
Hit [c] to add cuts. We adjust unwanted or problematic sections by slicing at the start and end of the part we want to change. 
To delete this clip: hit [v] for select/move, select the clip, and hit the [delete] key. Then select the resulting empty space and hit [delete] again to close the gap. This “Ripple Delete” brings the entire right side of the timeline that much to the left, including all other layers above (added pictures, text and footage clips) and below (added audio).
To speed-up this clip: Hit numpad[1] for Speed/Duration (Or RightClick on the clip). Set desired speed (200 = 2x as fast) or length.
To remove audio from a sliced clip: Drag the horizontal audio bar down.
PREMIERE EXERCISE: Cuts can be obvious or hidden.
Make an obvious cut, that causes a jump in the view.
We now have a problematic/sudden cut. Let's soften it.
Switch the lower left panel from Project to Effects. 
In search block type “Cross” to find Video Transitions > Dissolve > Cross Dissolve.
Drag the effect to cross the upper video slices. Drag ends to choose length.  
NOTE: To cover an audio "pop" at an edit, apply the effect "Audio Fade" over the gap.

9. Adobe Premiere 3: Other Useful Techniques
More Useful Shortcuts:
[+] zoom in, [-] zoom out.
Arrow keys move forward and back one frame in the sequence.
Hold [alt] to LeftClickDrag out a copy of a selected clip
[~] Tilda key: toggle to expand current rolled-over panel 
To make a plain background layer, like AE's "Solid": RightClick in Project panel to make a "Color Matte"
To switch headsets to hear Premiere, go to Premiere  > Audio Hardware 
The bar at the top of the interface offers alternate layouts. Note the Effects or Color layout. We use primarily the Editing layout.
To Make an Overlay Title sequence:
Drag in background art from Photoshop: 40% transparent, curved corners.
Add text: hit [T] on middle toolbar, set color and font in UpperLeft Preview window “Effects Controls" (DoubleClick text layer to see in effects). Add a “Basic 3D” Effect for swivel, if desired.
Select Text and Art in Timeline, RightClick to "Nest" (like an AE precomp)
Add a CrossFade to start and end
Scale an Asset Manually:
Drag the asset into a sequence and select the asset.
Open the Effect Controls panel.
Click the arrow next to the Motion effect to reveal motion controls.
Click the arrow next to Scale control within the Motion effect to see and change the Scale slider.

10. Adding Audio
Audio for film and game animation is comprised of Sound Effects and music: “SFX makes it real, music makes us feel” (Marty O'Donnell, Bungie’s Halo & Destiny).
For this project you are welcome to use the provided sounds or recording your own “scratch” sound track by making noises of your own while watching the film, and then adding the WAV file to your AE project. The syncing does not need to be perfect: the human mind will put them together if they are close!
Audacity is a free program with audio recording and editing tools, available for PC and Mac. It includes a variety of useful effects like reverb.
Don’t have a piano? There are many free keyboard web apps available, like this one made in Unity:
Mac computers also come with GarageBand, which can handle all music creation and audio editing.

11. Adding Audio Sound Effects (SFX) part 1:
“Foley work” is recording real-world sounds for your film, often using found or household materials.
A story can have sounds the sounds of cars driving by, cats purring, footsteps, grunts, and impacts of fists/ weapons, which can be recorded with real-world analogues (hitting a pillow, etc). Actions like using magical powers or zooming into a character’s thoughts all should have their own sound or music.
Be creative and open in seeking your sounds! The laser blast sound in the original Star Wars film was made by recording the impact of a metal bar hitting lamppost support cables, and then adjusting the recorded sounds in studio audio tools.

12. Adding Audio Sound Effects (SFX) part 2:
Record someplace with no background noise: a basement or secluded bathroom can be effective. Be wary of heaters/ air conditioning. PLEASE do not get locked in, lost, or hit by a car. Read this blog for recording advice:
You can Modify the sounds you make in your editor, like adding a reverb effect to create the illusion of large or small spaces.
Sounds can be more realistic or stylized. Consider the sound made when the Road Runner suddenly runs away, leaving a cloud of smoke and am iconic “p-yoooo!” sound.

13. Photoshop 1: Review
Adobe Photoshop is organized around the concept of layers with Blending Mode options for layer interaction, and is limited to 255 levels of shading value:
New Project: [Cmd/Ctrl]+[n]. Size 1280x720, resolution 72ppi.
Change the view (canvas): [z] to zoom, [spacebar] to pan, [r] to rotate canvas.
SAVING: File > Save to save a PSD. File > Save As to save only visible layer/s as a new PNG. Save over an old file to replace it.
Brush [b]: ClickDrag to draw lines, color, or shading.
Hit [ or ] to change brush size.
Hold [Alt] to color-pick.
Hit Brush Preset in top bar to set hardness to 100%.
Change opacity to allow overlapping shades.
DoubleClick the color icon to choose Hue, Saturation, and Value.
Hit [x] to swap foreground/ background colors.
Erase [e]: ClickDrag to erase content in the selected layer.

14. Photoshop 2: Layer Manager
Create a new layer: hit the create button at the bottom of the layer manager.
Duplicate a Layer: [Cmd]+[j], or find Duplicate option in Layer Options.
Delete selected layer.
Make a layer visible/hidden.
Layer Masks: make areas of the layer visible (white) or cut out (black) without changing the original image data.
Adjustment Layers: add color correction as a layer to effect all layers below. Can be masked and turned on/off.
Blending Modes: add a layer above the art, set blending mode to Multiply, Overlay, Screen, etc. to see the layers interact.
Merge Layers: Select a layer and [Shift] or [Cmd/Ctrl] to add more layers. RightClcik on one to choose Merge layers, to make them into one layer.
Using Layer folders to organize sections of a project.

15. Photoshop 3: Selection Tools
Creating a Marquee Selection:
Rectangle Marquee [m] (hold down to see options, like Oval): Click, drag, and release to create a selection. Click inside the selection to drag it somewhere else. Can be used to control drawing edges, as drawing outside of the selection is blocked.
Lasso Tool [L]: click, drag and release to draw shape.
Polygon Lasso Tool (hold down Lasso for option): Click, release, click, release to draw shape, end on original click.
Clear Selection: [Cmd/Ctrl]+[d].
Paint Bucket [g]: Fill a Marquee selection (or layer) with the current Foreground color in the toolbar.
Move [v]: Move the selected content in the single selected layer (or the entire layer, if there is no marquee selection).
Transform: hit [Cmd/Ctrl]+[t] to move/ rotate/ scale content in selection (or the entire layer, if there is no marquee selection).

16. Photoshop 4: Photo work
Download the two provided Photoshop Image Work files: Dull Photo and Flesh Parts.
[Cmd/Ctrl]+[o] to open Dull Photo.
[Cmd/Ctrl]+[j] to duplicate layers. Try Blending Modes (Multiply, Screen, Overlay, etc) and Opacity. Try adding Adjustment Layers like Hue / Saturation (also available under Image/Adjustments).
Masking 1: Duplicate the entire layer and apply a Layer Mask for non-destructive visibility selection.
Masking 2: Use Marquee and Lasso tools to select and cut out the character.
In the layer with a hole, Use the marquee tool to select the area of the hole. Try Edit > Fill and the option for Content Area Fill.
Use the Clone Stamp to copy parts of the image elsewhere on the layer and finish clean-up.

17. Photoshop 5: Photo work [Cmd/Ctrl]+[o] to open Flesh Parts.
[Cmd/Ctrl]+[n] to open a new file: 2048x2048, 72 ppi.
Use Lasso and Polygon Lasso tools to [Cmd/Ctrl]+[c] copy parts from the flesh image and [Cmd/Ctrl]+[v] paste into the new file.
Use transforms [t] and the Edit > Transform options to move / rotate / scale parts together, in particular Edit > Transform > Warp. Create a beast out of these parts!
ORGANIZE: Select all layers and put them into a Folder Group.
CREATE A SHADOW LAYER:
[Ctrl]+click on the icon of one of the beast layers. Note the shape is selected in the canvas.
[Shift]+[Ctrl]+click the other layers to add them, until the entire shape is selected.
Create a new layer, Paint Bucket fill with black.
Set layer to desired opacity.

18. Photoshop 6: Text Tools
Text [t]: Click to type text, click-drag to make a region for storing text. Type text, click the Move tool to complete the text field.
An active Text region can be made larger, moved, or rotated by hovering and clicking on the edges and corners. A completed text field can be transformed like any other object by selecting the layer and hitting [Cmd/Ctrl]+[t] to move, rotate, and scale.
Text Character key options:
Font style
Size
line spacing
Kerning
Stretching
Fake bold and italics.
Text Paragraph: Choose left, center, and right alignment.

19. Keep it Simple: Project #2:
In the second animation Project, which is due in part this week and in part next week, you are asked to pull content out of a famous image and animate those objects. How can this assignment be done most simply?

20. In-class Prompt #2: Slamming Doors
Practice animating cartoony Anticipation, Action, and Follow-through with a vigorous door-opening and/or closing.
Optional specs:
2-3 frames anticipation
10 frames opening door
2-3 frames follow-through
2 seconds of pause
15 frames door slamming closed
Get creative and playful with ridiculous shapes for all three stages of each motion!

21. HOMEWORK #3: Prep Project #2: Art Alive Part 1
(Due on Piazza an hour before next class) ART: Choose a work of art to animate through photo manipulation and drawing. Consider using a recognizable painting, photograph, or a video still. Thumbnail-Storyboard your intended motions, and prepare materials (cut out elements and clean up backgrounds) to fit in a 1280x720 space, 72ppi (no animation yet). Submit to Piazza hw2: your name in header, attach PDF and renders: either import GIFs or link to YouTube upload of MP4s.

22. Post-Class Viewing: Final Space Ep1
An animated show with an unusual premise!
How do the creators gently guide audiences into an understanding of this world?
How is the theme of “Nothing is what it seems” indicated early on, with almost no explanation?
For example, why is robot KVN such a jerk?