1. 3 July 2019 P. 56 Complete Quick Lab p. 303 Compare and contrast:
Replication, transcription, and translation
P. 57
Transcription and Translation
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2. The Genetic Code

3. DNA and Chromosomes Chromosomes are made of DNA.
Chromosomes contain many genes.
Genes code for proteins.
Those proteins determine traits.
The code is written as base pairs on DNA.

5. Structure of DNA

6. Instructions for Life DNA RNA Double strand Made by replication
Master plan
Complete set of instructions
Stays inside nucleus
Contains thymine
Sugar = deoxyribose
mRNA
Single strand
Made by transcription
Blueprints
Instructions for making a single protein
Carries “messages” out of nucleus into the cytoplasm to be translated into a protein.
Contains uracil
Sugar = ribose

7. 3 Types of RNA

8. mRNA Messenger RNA Blueprints for building proteins out of amino acids
Take “messages” from DNA to the rest of the cell, outside the nucleus.
Single strand
U instead of T

9. rRNA
Ribosomal RNA
Ribosomes use the instructions from mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins.
Ribosomes are made of proteins and rRNA.

10. tRNA
Transfer RNA
Brings the needed amino acids to the ribosome for assembly; like a Taxi for amino acids.

11. Transcription Making mRNA from DNA RNA made in nucleus
Then RNA leaves nucleus to find ribosome

12. Translation Making polypeptides [proteins] from mRNA
Also called protein synthesis

13. Quick Quiz What happens during: Replication Transcription Translation
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14. Replication
Makes copies of DNA.
Happens in nucleus.

15. Transcription
Makes mRNA from DNA.
Happens in nucleus.

16. Translation Makes polypeptides [proteins] from mRNA
Also called protein synthesis
Happens in cytoplasm

17. Proteins are made by joining amino acids into long chains called polypeptides.

18. Three consecutive base pairs on a strand of mRNA are called a codon; these code for a specific amino acid.

20. Before Translation Begins
A strand of mRNA must be transcribed in the nucleus and released into the cytoplasm

21. Translation Begins when mRNA attaches to a ribosome
As codons move through ribosome, tRNA brings the proper amino acid to be attached to the growing polypeptide chain

22. tRNA has amino acid on one end and anticodon on other
Anticodon on tRNA bonds to the codon on mRNA strand
Anticodon
Codon

23. As tRNA brings new amino acids, the ribosome joins them together building a polypeptide

24. The process continues as the ribosome moves along the mRNA strand joining new amino acids to the polypeptide until it reaches a stop codon and the polypeptide breaks away.

25. IAN LHP Complete Quick Lab p. 303 Compare and contrast:
Replication, transcription, and translation