1. Replication
12.2

2. Central Dogma of Biology – copy this down
Central Dogma of Biology – copy this down The end goal of all DNA is to make protein.

3. Replication of DNA
During S phase of interphase in the cell cycle, more DNA is copied and made.
Takes place in the nucleus.
The DNA that is copied is identical to the original DNA.
In order to replicate DNA, the double helix must break apart. This happens by the hydrogen bonds breaking.
An enzyme reads the exposed nitrogenous bases and matches them with their counterpart (if an A was read, the enzyme would match a T to it)
Once all of the bases have been read, the DNA closes back into the double helix.

4. Replication of DNA
Write down all of these names and numerals to take notes in the video. Beginning at 1:57 ending at 4:23
Helicase-
DNA Polymerase-
Primase
Ligase- I-
II-
III-
IV-

5. Key points DNA replication is the process by which more DNA is made
This takes place in the nucleus only
Remember, AT GC

6. Transcription of DNA

7. Transcription of DNA The first step in making protein.
In order to make protein outside of the nucleus, the DNA must change into RNA.
RNA- Ribonucleic acid.
single stranded
uses a Uracil in place of Thymine
Uracil pairs with adenine just as thymine would

8. Transcription of DNA
RNA is made from DNA through the process of transcription.
Transcription is very similar to replication in that the DNA is opened and read to create a new strand.
The difference is that, in transcription, a single stranded complementary copy is made.
In transcription, a special type of RNA is made called Messenger RNA, or mRNA.
mRNA can leave the nucleus.

9. Translation of DNA The final step of protein synthesis is translation.
Translation takes mRNA and turns it into protein that is used for everything in the cell.