1. APOBEC family of DNA cytosine deaminases.
APOBEC family of DNA cytosine deaminases. A, a schematic of the genes encoding the 11-member APOBEC family in humans. AID, APOBEC1, APOBEC3A, APOBEC3C, and APOBEC3H have single zinc-coordinating domains, whereas APOBEC3B, APOBEC3D, APOBEC3F, and APOBEC3G are double domain enzymes. APOBEC2 and APOBEC4 have no reported enzymatic activity. The colors represent the different categories of catalytic domains in APOBEC3 enzymes. Green represents a Z1 catalytic domain, orange represents a Z2 catalytic domain, and blue represents a Z3 catalytic domain. AID and A1 are distinctly represented by red and gray, respectively. B, ssDNA cytosine to uracil (C-to-U) deamination is the hallmark biochemical activity of most APOBEC family enzymes. C, a ribbon schematic of the catalytic domain of APOBEC3G (pdb: 3E1U) with an enlargement of the zinc-coordinating active site. See the main text for details.
Charles Swanton et al. Cancer Discovery 2015;5:
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