1. Positive end-expiratory pressure-induced increase in central venous pressure to predict fluid responsiveness: don’t forget the peripheral venous circulation! 
J. Mallat 
British Journal of Anaesthesia 
Volume 117, Issue 3, Pages (September 2016)
DOI: /bja/aew232
Copyright © 2016 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Theoretical effects of positive-end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on heart curve and venous return curve. (a) PEEP causes in increase in intrathoracic pressure and a right shift in the heart function curve. If there were no change in mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP), then venous return and stroke volume index (SVI) would fall (from point A to point B). Nevertheless, if PEEP also increases MCFP by an increase in stressed volume or a decrease in venous capacitance (from MCFP 1 to MCFP 2), then venous return and SVI would be maintained compared to zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) states at a new equilibrium point C. (b) If there is a rise in the pressure at which flow limitation supervenes, and then the increase in MCFP would not be sufficient to buffer PEEP-induced decreases in venous return, and, therefore, SVI falls (from point A to point B). FLl, flow-limiting point at ZEEP; FL2, flow-limiting point at PEEP.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aew232)
Copyright © 2016 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions