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Meet the Macromolecules!

Published byReynold Cummings Modified over 5 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "Meet the Macromolecules!"— Presentation transcript:

1 Meet the Macromolecules!

2 Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids MAcromolecules

3 Macromolecules Why do we study these four?
Make up the most common biological molecules While relatively simple, perform most of the complex functions in cells Universally found in all biological systems Macromolecules

4 Macromolecules What you need to know!
Structure of the basic unit (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) How they react to form larger molecules How the larger molecules are broken down into basic units Functions of the molecules in living organisms Macromolecules

5 Carbohydrates

6 Also known as saccharides
Saccharides are used for: Carbohydrates

7 Carbohydrates Monosaccharides: single sugar molecule CnH2nOn
Trioses, pentoses and hexoses? Carbohydrates

8 Need to know these: glucose fructose galactose Monosaccharides

9 Monosaccharides Isomers:
Chemicals that share the same _________________, but differ in _____________________ Which of the previous molecules are isomers? Monosaccharides

10 Isomers: Monosaccharides

11 Disaccharides

12 Monosaccharides can combine in condensation reactions to form ________________ and ____________________ Condensation reaction involves : Which two functional groups participate in this reaction? Saccharide reactions

13 Saccharide reactions glycosidic bond.
Glycosidic bonds are named according to : Saccharide reactions

14 Glucose isomers

15 glucose + glucose  ________________
Disaccharides

16 galactose + glucose  _______________
Disaccharides

17 glucose + fructose  _______________
Disaccharides

18 polysaccharides

19 Major biological molecules
Glycogen Starch amylose amylopectin Cellulose Chitin miniature Major biological molecules

20 Glycogen Glucose is stored as _________ in the liver.
highly branched molecule a-1,4-glycosidic bonds a-1,6-glycosidic bonds (branches) Glycogen

21 Glycogen

22 Starch Glucose is stored as _______ in plants. Amylose Amylopectin
unbranched molecule a-1,4-glycosidic bonds only branched molecule less branched than glycogen a-1,4-glycosidic bonds a-1,6-glycosidic bonds (branches) Starch

23 Starch

24 Cellulose Glucose is used in plant cell walls in the form of ________.
straight-chained molecule of glucose monomers b-1,4-glycosidic bonds H-bonding due to hydroxyl groups between chains provides strength Cellulose

25 Cellulose

26 Glucose-like monomers may be found on the tough skins of fungi and the exoskeletons of insects and animals Chitin

27 Chitin

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