1. Unit 8
Invertebrate Animals

2. Evolution of Animals

4. Porifera (sponges) Digestive: filter feeders
Respiration: diffusion (through water)
Circulatory: diffusion
Excretion: diffusion
Nervous: none
Movement: none (sessile)
Reproduction: sexual and asexual (budding)

6. Cnidaria (jellyfish, hydra)
Digestive: use nematocysts (stinging cells)
Respiration: diffusion
Circulatory: diffusion
Excretion: diffusion
Nervous: nerve net
Movement: some sessile, some by “jet propulsion”

7. Cnidaria cont’d…
Reproduction; sexual and asexual (budding)

8. Planaria (Flatworm)

9. Platyhelminthes (flatworms, tapeworms, planaria)
Digestive: carnivores, scavengers, or parasites
Respiration: diffusion
Circulatory: some diffusion. Some have a gastrovascular system
Excretion: flame cells, or out mouth
Nervous: ladder-like nervous system with brain in some, light sensitive

10. Platyhelminthes cont’d…
Movement: cilia and muscle movement
Reproduction: sexual, asexual, hermaphrodites

12. Ascaris (Roundworm)

13. Nematoda (roundworms, nematodes, Trichina, heartworms, hookworms)
Digestive: some free-living, some parasitic
Respiration: diffusion
Circulatory: diffusion
Excretion: diffusion, NEW: anus
Nervous: simple ganglia, sense organs

14. Nematodes cont’d… Movement: snake-like or thrashing, uses muscles
Reproduction: sexual, some hermaphrodites

15. Annelid (earthworm)

16. Annelida (earthworms, leeches)
Digestive: digestive tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop, gizzard,intestine, anus); some filter feeders
Respiration: some gills, some diffusion through skin
Circulatory: closed circulatory system with primitive heart
Excretion: feces–anus; liquid-nephridia

17. Annelida cont’d…
Response: brain, well-developed nervous system, sense organs, ventral nerve cord
Movement: longitudinal and circular muscles: crawl, swim, burrow
Reproduction: most-sexually, external fertilization, separate sexes, some hermaphrodites

19. Mollusca (snails, clams, octopus, squid)
Digestive: herbivores, carnivores, filter- feeders, detritus feeders, parasites
Respiration: through gills or mantle cavity
Circulatory: open circulatory system (But octopus, squid – closed)
Excretion: anus – feces; nephridia – liquid wastes

20. Mollusca cont’d…
Nervous: clams-simple; octopus-very complex, well-developed brain, sense organs
Movement: swim-”jet propulsion’, crawl with tentacles
Reproduction – separate sexes, external fertilization, some internal fertilization, some hermaphrodites

23. Arthropoda (ants, grasshoppers, spiders, lobsters, centipedes)
Feeding: herbivores, carnivores, parasites, filter-feeders, detritus feeders
Respiration: gills (crabs); book lungs (horseshoe crabs and spiders); tracheal tubes (grasshoppers)
Circulatory: heart with open circulatory system
Excretion: feces-anus; liquid- Malpighian tubules, green glands

24. Arthropoda cont’d…
Nervous: brain, well-developed nervous system, complex senses (ex: compound eyes)
Movement: well-developed muscle systems coordinated with nervous system and connected to exoskeleton
fly, swim, walk, crawl
Reproduction: sexual- internal fertilization

25. 4 subphyla of Arthropoda:
Trilobites (all extinct)
Chelicerates - (spiders and, ticks- Arachnida, horseshoe crabs)
Crustaceans (crabs, crayfish, lobsters, pill bugs)
Uniramia (centipedes, millipedes, insects)

27. Insects reproduce in two life cycles:
Complete metamorphosis
Egg  larva  pupa  adult
Butterflies, flies, moths
Incomplete metamorphosis
Egg  nymph  adult
Grasshoppers, cockroaches

28. Complete Incomplete Metamorphosis Metamorphosis

29. Ecinoderms

30. Echinodermata (starfish, sea urchins, sand dollars)
Digestive: carnivores, filter-feeders, detritus feeders
Respiration: diffusion through tube feet
Circulatory: all systems shared, no specific system
Excretion: feces-anus, other- through tube feet and gills

31. Echinodermata cont’d…
Nervous: primitive, nerve ring around mouth, chemo and light sensitive cells
statocysts – balance
Movement: tube feet, muscles attached to endoskeleton swim, crawl
Reproduction: separate sexes, some hermaphroditic, external fertilization

32. Chordata (tunicates, lancelets, fish, frogs, humans)
Digestive: all types; digestive system
Respiration: gills – pharyngeal slits, lungs
Circulatory: closed circulatory system
Excretion: feces-anus; excretory systems (kidneys, etc.)

33. Chordata cont’d…
Nervous: complex brain and nervous system; hollow dorsal nerve cord
Movement: complex muscular system coordinated with nervous system
Reproduction: sexual, some external and some internal fertilization; have systems

34. Unit 8 Review How are animal cells different from plant cells?
The front of an organism is called…
What is the difference between a brain, ganglia, and a nerve net?
How do planarians get rid of excess water?

35. Review page 2 Humans can get trichinosis by eating undercooked ____
Reefs are made of what animals?
Describe three evolutionary trends.
What are the basic characteristics of animals?
What is a cephalopod?

36. Review page 3 Ammonia is removed from the blood of mollusks by…
List the subphyla of arthropods and give examples
Muscles of arthropods are attached to the….
An arthropod that has three distinct body parts is a(an)...

37. Review page 4
Concentration of nerves and sense organs in the head is called…
The main advantage of sexual reproduction is
Where are the gills of a clam?
Snails and slugs breathe by…
Spiders (arachnids) have how many legs? How many pairs?

38. Review page 5
Larvae of echinoderms change from ____ symmetry to ____ symmetry.
Tunicates are classified as (invertebrates, vertebrates) and in phylum ____