1. Effects of arachnotoxin on intracellular pH and calcium in human spermatozoa 
Fernando Romero, Ph.D., Maria Adelaide Cunha, Ph.D., Raul Sanchez, Ph.D., Alice Teixeira Ferreira, Ph.D., Nestor Schor, Ph.D., Maria Etsuko Miyamoto Oshiro, Ph.D. 
Fertility and Sterility 
Volume 87, Issue 6, Pages (June 2007)
DOI: /j.fertnstert
Copyright © 2007 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

2. FIGURE 1
(A) Transient [Ca2+]i increase induced by arachnotoxin (ATx) and progesterone (P) in capacitated human sperm. After measuring basal [Ca2+]i, ATx (76 μg/mL) and P (10 μmol/L) were added as indicated by arrows to a Fura-2-loaded sperm suspension. (B) Effects of P and ATx on [Ca2+]i in human Fura-2-loaded sperm. Administration of P (10 μmol/L) at the time indicated by the arrow induced a transient increase of [Ca2+]i . Subsequent addition of ATx (76 μg/mL) caused little change in [Ca2+]i.
Romero. Effects of arachnotoxin on spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 2007.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2007 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

3. FIGURE 2
Effect of arachnotoxin (ATx) on pHi in BCECF-loaded human sperm. Cumulative doses of ATx (47.5 μg/mL and 95 μg/mL) reduced pHi.
Romero. Effects of arachnotoxin on spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 2007.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2007 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions

4. FIGURE 3
Effect of blockade of Na+/H+ exchange with ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA, 50 μmol/L) on changes in pHi induced by ATx (47.5, 95, and μg/mL) in BCECF-loaded human spermatozoa. The EIPA strongly potentiated the intracellular acidification induced by ATx.
Romero. Effects of arachnotoxin on spermatozoa. Fertil Steril 2007.
Fertility and Sterility  , DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )
Copyright © 2007 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Terms and Conditions