1. Culture and health some introductory ideas
Maggie Eisner
Programme Director, Bradford

2. Ethnicity
Identification with a social group on grounds of culture, common origin, and shared history

3. Ethnicity Genetic inheritance (‘Race’?) Geographical origin Religion
Nationality
History/
Migration
Culture
Language

4. Culture Complex social phenomenon
Shared beliefs, values and attitudes that guide behaviour of members
Dynamic concept - keeps changing
We are all multicultural

5. “Iceberg model” Kreps and Kunimoto (1994)
Gender
Age
Ethnicity
Language
Skin colour
Sea level
Religious practice
Socio-economic status
Occupation
Sexual orientation
Religious belief
Political ideology
Disability and health
Cultural beliefs, expectations

6. Your cultural identity
Which cultural groups would others say you belong to (top of iceberg)?
Which other cultural groups do you feel you belong to (bottom of iceberg)?

7. Cultural competence Well meaning blunders Cultural knowledge
Tendency to stereotype
Bigotry
Cultural acceptance

8. ‘Culltural health beliefs’ and the consultation
Be curious about other cultures
It’s always OK to ask
Keep questioning your assumptions
Don’t forget –
culture is complex and multidimensional
culture is dynamic, not static
most people are a mixture of cultures

9. Groups after tea Health beliefs in your family and others you know
Your consultations in which exploring culturally related health beliefs has been important