1. Catalyst Take out your homework so that we may go over it.
Begin working on Activity 2.1 (another basic chem review)

2. Biological Molecules

3. Lipids Fats and Oils Insoluble in water
Fats: Solid at room temperature
Oils: Liquid at room temperature
Insoluble in water
Made of fatty acids with an alcohol (-OH)
aka Esters

4. Fatty Acids Contain a carboxyl group “Head”
Type of acid found in lipids
-COOH
Carboxyl group attaches to a hydrocarbon “Tail”
A chain of carbon and hydrogens
Often carbon atoms long

5. Fatty Acids “Saturated” fatty acid “Unsaturated” fatty acid
Only single bonds in the hydrocarbon chain
Typically animal “fats”
“Unsaturated” fatty acid
Contains double bonds in the hydrocarbon chain
Typically plant “oils”
If only one double bond then referred to as monounsaturated
If two or more then polyunsaturated

6. Alcohols and Esters Alcohols contain a hydroxyl group Glycerol Ester
-OH, attached to a carbon atom
Glycerol
Special type of alcohol with three hydroxyl groups
Ester
Formed through esterification
An alcohol attached to an acid
Linked by an ester bond or “linkage”
-COO-

7. Triglycerides Glyceride Triglyceride
Ester formed by a fatty acid reacting with glycerol
Triglyceride
Formed when all three hydroxyl groups are utilized in the glycerol
Hydrophobic
Will dissolve in certain organic solvents
Used as energy reserves, insulators, and in some cases for metabolic water

8. Phospholipids
One of the three fatty acid molecules is replaced by a phosphate group
Phosphate is extremely hydrophilic
Leaves only two hydrocarbon tails
Very important in creating membranes

9. Emulsion Test Utilizes the solubility properties of lipids Procedures
Will not dissolve in water
Will dissolve in ethanol (an organic solvent)
Procedures
Sample is dissolved in absolute ethanol
Sample then poured into tube with water
If positive it will form a cloudy white suspension (aka emulsion)