1. Industrial Revolution
Element: Analyze the process and impact of industrialization in England, Germany, and Japan, movements for political reform, the writings of Adam Smith and Karl Marx, and urbanization and its affect on women.
Vocabulary: industrialization, Adam Smith, Karl Marx, urbanization
Essential Question: What was the global impact of the Industrial Revolution?

2. The Industrial Revolution
Industrialization: the process of developing machine produced goods
Resources required:
Water power and coal to fuel new machines
Iron ore to construct new machines, tools, and buildings
Rivers for inland transportation
Harbors from which merchants’ ships set sail

3. First Industrial Revolution
the process of developing machine produced goods
begins in England but eventually spreads to Europe into Germany and Asia to Japan(Commodore Perry)
change of source of power from wood burning to the use of water and coal

4. Second Industrial Revolution
introduction of steel to replace iron
electricity replaced waterpower
advanced system of transportation and communication

5. A Blast Furnace at an Iron Works

6. Process for Industrialization
Large population
Extensive natural resources (i.e. water power, coal, and iron ore)
Expanding economy (people able to invest in business for a profit)
Political stability (no major wars fought in Britain)

7. The Industrial Revolution
Great Britain: the birth place of the Industrial Revolution
For the rest of Europe and the World it came much later.

8. Growth in Germany Early in the 1800’s Germany was not a unified nation
geographic issues of scattered resources
the development of the railroad system connected isolated industrialized cities
the Ruhr Valley was rich in coal and iron ore
raw materials were able to be connected to the industrialized cities with the railroad
began to industrialize in 1835
gained in economic strength to develop a powerful military

9. Industrialization of Japan
with the beginning of the Meiji era in Japan in 1868
financed textile mills, coal mines, shipyards, and cement and other factories
asked private companies to invest in industry (Mitsubishi, 1870)
produced sustained economic growth
led to strengthening of the military and to Japanese imperialism in Asia

10. Impact
Immediate:
New inventions (steam engine, steam boat, more modern roads, rail roads)
Period of producing goods with machines in factories from hand-crafted at home
Growth of factories
Highly developed banking and investment system
Increased production of goods
Growth of middle class (industrial leaders, industrial workers)
Worldwide trade

11. James Watt’s Steam Engine

12. Robert Fulton’s Steam Boat

13. Trains and Rail Roads

14. Spinning Jenny

15. Impact
Long Term:
encouraged Nationalism introduced by the French Revolution
increased demand for raw materials
expanded imperialism
increased competition between industrialized nations
rise of militarism

16. Political Reforms The Factory Act of 1833:
Illegal to hire children under 9 years old
9 to 12 could not work more than 8 hours a day
13 to 17 could not work more than 12 hours

17. Political Reforms The Mines Act of 1842:
Prevented women and children from working underground
The Ten Hours Act of 1847:
Limited the work day to ten hours for women and children who worked in factories

18. New ways of thinking Adam Smith: Father of Capitalism
Wrote Wealth of Nations
Karl Marx: Father of Communism
Friedrich Engels helped him write his book the Communist Manifesto

19. Adam Smith

20. Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Karl Marx Friedrich Engels

21. Belief of Ownership Adam Smith Karl Marx
Individuals and business own property and the means of production
The community or the state should own property and the means of production

22. Belief of Progress Adam Smith Karl Marx
Progress results when individuals follow their own self-interest
Progress results when a community of producers cooperate for the food of all

23. Role of Government Adam Smith Karl Marx
Government should not interfere in the economy because competition creates efficiency in business
Laissez faire
An unequal distribution of wealth and material goods is unfair. A better system is to distribute goods according to each person’s need

24. Basic Beleifs Adam Smith Karl Marx
Businesses follow their own self-interest by competing for the consumer’s money. Each business tries to produce goods or services that are better less expensive than those of competitors
Consumers compete to buy the best goods at the lowest prices. This competition shapes the market by affecting what business are able to sell
Socialists believe that capitalist employers take advantage of workers. The community or state must act to protect workers
Capitalism creates unequal distribution of wealth and material goods. A better system is to distribute goods according to each person’s need.

25. Urbanization
use of machines to manufacture goods changed where people worked: in factories rather than at home
changed where they lived: in cities rather than on farms
the demand for city life led to city building, along with the movement of people migrating from the farm (rural area) to the cities (urban areas)

26. Affect on Women
Women were legally inferior to, and economically dependent on men
Married men were now expected to support the family
married women were to take care of the home
perform low-paying jobs in the home
such as taking in laundry, to help the family survive
the employment of women and children was a holdover from the cottage industry system
unmarried women took textile industry jobs
unskilled and were paid half or less than the men
Rise of women’s suffrage