1. SIX PILLARS OF UNITED STATES POLICING
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2. PILLAR 1: BUILDING TRUST AND LEGITIMACY
Building trust and nurturing legitimacy on both sides of the police-citizen divide is not only the first pillar of this task force’s report but also the foundational principle underlying this inquiry into the nature of relations between law enforcement and the communities they serve (Rosenfeld, & Fornango, 2014).
Analysis indicated that policing has been improved by better equipping and better organized thus becoming more effective in crime tackling.
However, public confidence in police has remained at its lowest especially population of color.
The decline has been attributed to the fact that non-white have faced more incarcerations as compared to the whites.
Research indicated that the poor and people of color get arrested and imprison in the American society.
The culture of policing is also important to the proper exercise of officer discretion and use of authority.

3. PILLAR 2: POLICY AND OVERSIGHT
In order for the police and law enforcers to perform their roles in accordance with the established policies, the policies must reflect the values of the community.
The policy and oversight have to be clearly articulated to conform with the community needs and implemented in a transparent manner so that the people can have faith and increase credibility (Kohler-Hausmann, 2014).
The most important aspect in regard to the policies of the law enforcement organization is the use of force.
For example, law enforcers have use evidence-based practice to successfully manage demonstrators.
Police and law enforcement organization needs to develop strategic communication plan that allows the police and the community to engage each other in a positive and proactive manner.
For example, Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) introduced a LAPD’s Community Safety Partnership where the police officer visit residence in their houses to hear the community, create relationship and established the partnership so that they together work achieve their needs.
These policies should also include annual training that include shoot or don’t shoot scenarios and encouraging the use of less lethal technologies.

4. PILLAR 3: TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL MEDIA
There is no doubt that we are living in a time when the technology is advancing more quickly, faster than the laws and policies.
Studies have shown that proper use of technology by the police department such as body- worn cameras (BWC), social media and other myriad of products helps the police to build community trust and legitimacy (Tyler, & Jackson, 2014).
Social media play important role in ensuring that the law enforcement organization engages with the community about the important issues affecting them.
However, it is important to understand that while technology is crucial to the police, it is never a panacea.
Other aspects that negatively impede the use of technology include nonexistent standard or inconsistent, which leads to fracture and isolation of the information systems.
These inconsistencies make it challenging to effectively share the data, analyze the data, store and manage the data with other systems.

5. PILLAR 4: COMMUNITY POLICING AND CRIME REDUCTION
Researchers have identified that community policing is a philosophy that enhances organizational strategies that support the systematic use of partnership and problem- solving techniques to proactively address the immediate conditions that give rise to public safety issues such fear of crime, social disorders and crime (Reisig, et al., 2013).
The use community policing in the United States has seen significant reduction in both property crime and violent.
In order to make community policing effective and workable, the law enforcers must be trained and rooted on a very strong policies that promotes procedural justice.
Further analysis indicated that community policing demands for active building of positive relationship with the society.
In addition, community policing become effective when there is collaboration beyond law enforcement organization.

6. PILLAR 5: TRAINING AND EDUCATION
Considering that United States has become more of a pluralistic and the scope of the law enforcement and responsibility expands, there is need to have a better training.
The officer on line must be equipped with knowledge and skills to tackle challenges such as growing mental health crisis, new cultural mores, changing laws, rising immigration, evolving technologies and international terrorism.
In order for the law enforcement organization to acquire the requisite skills and knowledge the workforce requires high level of education and extensive ongoing training.
- Studies have shown that in order to establish a workforce that is capable of dealing with challenges associated with the 21st century, the agencies must put more emphasis on educational achievement and socialization skills

7. PILLAR 6: OFFICER WELLNESS AND SAFETY
The wellness and safety of law enforcement is not only important to the officer on line alone, but also to their colleague, other agencies and the public safety.
Analysis have indicated that law enforcer are constantly at risks and encounters tragedy on a regular basis.
This sixth pillar ensures that police officer and other law enforcers agencies operates in safe environment.
This include tackling issues related to officer suicide and establishing strategies that helps to officers to emotionally, mentally and physically operate in safe environment.
- This pillar also ensures that officer interacts with other organization that provide support services such as social services as well as assisting them to overcome depressions and vehicular accidents.

8. MAJOR TENETS OF THE PRESIDENT’S TASK FORCE
The major tenets of the president’s task force included:
Evaluate the strategies of fostering strong collaborative relationships between local law enforcement and the communities they protect.
Make the recommendation to the president on ways policing practice can promote effective crime reduction while building public trust.
The task force was established as a result of growing distrust and tension between many police department and many communities in the United States.
Despite the fact the basic principle is equality under the law, many youth especially those from African Community feels that they are being targeted by the law enforcers

9. Tenets Continuation
The task force accomplished their mission by convening seven listening sessions to hear testimony.
Each session involved the discussion of each pillar and the seventh session involved the drafting of the recommendation.
Public hearing was crucial because the task force got the opportunity to interact directly with communities and police departments hence listening to first hand information.
Each of the session brought witnesses from various police forces, civil right organization, academia and from the law.
In addition, the president’s task force conducted body-worm cameras and other technologies in order to make informed decision concerning the legal considering and adoption of new technology.
Other issues that was discussed at length in the proceeding include the growing ubiquity of social media and its powers to work both for and against policing practice and public safety.

10. RECOMMENDATIONS
Some of the recommendation that were made to modernize U.S. Law enforcement include:
The law enforcement culture should embrace a guardian mindset to build public trust and legitimacy.
Law enforcement agencies should acknowledge the role of policing in past and present injustice and discrimination as well as how it is a hurdle to the promotion of community trust.
Law enforcement agencies should establish a culture of transparency and accountability in order to build public trust and legitimacy
Each of the recommendation was followed by the action item that helps the police department implement the recommendations. The first action item was to allow all department policies to be reviewed by the public.
In case of an incident such as misconduct by police officer, the law enforcement organization should swiftly communicate with the community in a neutral and open environment.

11. Continuation
Law enforcement agencies should promote legitimacy internally within the organization by applying the principles of procedural justice.
Law enforcement agencies should proactively promote public trust by initiating positive non-enforcement activities to engage communities.
Law enforcement agencies should consider the potential damage to public trust when implementing crime fighting strategies.
Law enforcement agencies should build relationships based on trust with immigrant communities.

12. How pillars of justice serve to promote trust and ensure legitimacy
Pillar of justice promotes trust and ensure legitimacy based on four central principles:
Treating people with dignity and respect
Giving individuals ‘voice’ during encounters
Being neutral and transparent in decision making
Conveying trustworthy motives
Studies have shown that all the four principles work jointly in ensuring that community build trust that officers conducts themselves in a lawful, benevolent, unbiased and honesty manner.
These principles also ensures that the community observe the law and respect the authorities in power

13. Internal aspect of procedural justice
This concerns with the internal practices that needs to be implemented within the agency.
The officers should conduct themselves within the organization in manner that promotes cohesiveness within the agency.
Analysis have indicated that the officers that voluntarily comply with decisions, understand the decisions and accept the departmental policies tend to win respect from their superiors and colleagues
This means that police officer should embrace the culture team work and respect within the agency before extending these services to the external

14. External aspect of procedural justice
This involves the interaction by other legal authorities with communities and law enforcement in order to shape the public trust of the police.
This aspect is very important in the sense that the behavior portrait by the police officers outside is very important because it shapes how the public sees them.
For example, an explicit bias is a conscious bias about sexual orientations, socioeconomic status, gender, certain populations and races negatively affect the image of the police.

15. References
Kohler-Hausmann, I. (2014). Managerial Justice and Mass Misdemeanors. Stanford Law Review, 66(3):
Reisig, M. D., Tankebe, J. & Mesko, G. (2013). Compliance with the Law in Slovenia: The Roles of Procedural Justice and Police Legitimacy. European, Journal of Criminal Policy Research, 20(2):
Rosenfeld, R., & Fornango, R. (2014). The Impact of Police Stops on Precinct Robbery and Burglary Rates in New York City. Justice Quarterly, 31:
Tyler, T. R. & Jackson, J. (2014). Popular Legitimacy and the Exercise of Legal Authority: Motivating Compliance, Cooperation and Engagement. Psychology Public Policy and Law, 20: