1. Lifetime heart failure risk*
Lifetime Risk (%, 95%CI)
Women
Men
HF overall
23.8 ( )
27.4 ( )
HFpEF
10.7 ( )
10.4 ( )
HFrEF
5.8 ( )
10.6 ( )
Lifetime Risk (%, 95%CI)
Non-black
Black
HF overall
25.9 ( )
22.4 ( )
HFpEF
11.2 ( )
7.7 ( )
HFrEF
7.9 ( )
7.7 ( )
Lifetime Risk (%, 95%CI) MI
No MI
HF overall
53.7 ( )
20.0 ( )
HFpEF
20.9 ( )
8.5 ( )
HFrEF
20.0 ( )
5.3 ( )
*Stratified by gender, race and previous MI, at the age of 45
CI: confidence interval; HF: heart failure; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; MI: myocardial infarction
Pandey A, et al. Circulation 2018