1. Particulate Matter Formation and Regulation
Chapter 2
Particulate Matter Formation and Regulation

2. Particle Formation Mechanisms
Physical attrition/mechanical dispersion
Combustion particle burnout
Homogeneous condensation
Heterogeneous nucleation
Droplet evaporation

3. Grinding Wheel

4. Tertiary Crusher

5. Combustion Process

6. Heterogeneous Nucleation

7. Summary of Formation Mechanisms

8. Sources of Particulate Matter
Primary particulate matter
Secondary particulate matter
Condensation particles
Reaction particles

9. Particulate Matter Size Range Definitions

11. Particulate Matter Regulation

12. Particulate Matter Regulation
Before the Clean Air Act
1600s
1950s
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970
NAAQS
SIPs
NSPS

13. Summary of NAAQS for PM10 and PM2
Summary of NAAQS for PM10 and PM2.5 (2006 revision of the 24-hour standard)
Pollutant
Health-based Standard
Type of Average
Concentration
PM10
Annual Arithmetic Mean
50 mg/m3
24-houra
150 mg/m3
PM2.5
15 mg/m3 b
24-hourc
35 mg/m3
a) not to be exceeded more than once per year on average over a three year period
b) three-year average of the annual average
c) determined from the 98th percentile, averaged over three years

14. Typical Ambient Particle Size Distribution

15. State Implementation Plans
Fuel burning regulations
Process weight regulations
Opacity limitations

16. Plume Opacity

17. Where does it all come from?

19. Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977
Case-by-Case Permit Reviews
PSD and BACT
NSR and LAER

20. Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants
Clean Air Act of 1970
Clean Air Act of 1990
189 hazardous pollutants
NESHAPS vs NSPS/BACT/LAER
MACT

21. Clean Air Act Amendments and Visibility
Class I areas
Regional Haze Rule
BART
Implementation plans
2007
10 year periodic plans

22. Title V Operating Permits
What is Title V
Title V and the public
Title V requirements