1. II. The EU: a Diverse Territory

2. Two types of forces at work simultaneously within the EU

3. A. Centripetal Forces: Unity

4. Satellite view of Europe at night
What do the brightest areas indicate in terms of population density/core & peripheral areas?

5. 1. Major Axes in Europe Describe the following: 1.European megalopolis
Major European Metropolis
Global city
European Megalopolis
1st European port
Major Axis
Secondary Axis
Describe the following:
1.European megalopolis
2.10 great metropolises which structure European space
3.Major Communication Axes

6. The European Megalopolis
1. The European megalopolis stretches from London to Milan, including the main European metropolises, organized into a conurbation: London, Birmingham, Manchester, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Frankfurt, Munich, Zurich, Ruhr, Turin, Milan. The backbone is the most populated and wealthy area in Europe, with the Rhine river as a main line. Infrastructures and facilities are highly developed. 2. Although they are located on the margins of the megalopolis, cities like Paris which has the status of a Global city, but also Berlin, Madrid, Barcelona, Rome, Naples, Athens, and Istanbul are also major European hubs. Secondary European metropolises include Lisbon, Budapest, Vienna, Warsaw and Hamburg. 3. Major communication axes include Rotterdam to Barcelona via Paris, Rotterdam to London, and Rotterdam to Milan via Frankfurt

7. Population density of EU, EFTA and candidate countries, 2007
Legend:
   < 50 Inhabitants per km2
   < 100 Inhabitants per km2
    < 150 Inhabitants per km2
   < 300 Inhabitants per km2
   < 1000 Inhabitants per km2
   > 1000 Inhabitants per km2
   no data available

8. European Population Density
Europe contains 1 of 3 population centers in world
Characteristics: high population density (density fades along margins, concentrated in center)
European territory highly developed even in scarcely populated areas
urban planning
Caters to populations that live there

9. B. Mainly urban population 75% Europeans live in cities
Cities characterized by their organization around a historical center – highly symbolic
1st ideas of European unification came from cities
Based on networks of human, intellectual, & commercial exchanges

10. C. Cultural Traits linked to bioclimatic
influences
Video:
Europe, whenever you’re ready

11. (10 M km² including European part of Russia)
Climate zones: Mediterranean, oceanic, northern, etc.
European continent exceptionally diverse landscapes especially given its small size
(10 M km² including European part of Russia)

12. Combination of influences and specific cultural traits distinguish various regions within Europe
Mediterranean Europe
Central Europe
Eastern Europe
Northern Europe
Northern
Eastern
Central
Mediterranean

13. Map of European Languages

14. European Religions map
Protestant
Catholic
Orthodox
Muslim

15. Share of Atheist Population
What patterns can you observe?
How can you explain these patterns?

16. Individualist vs. Collectivist Culture
individual uniqueness and self-determination are valued
admire people who are "self-made“ "makes up their own mind“, show initiative or work well independently.
Collectivist:
expect people to identify with and work well in groups which protect them in exchange for loyalty and compliance.
Which regions in Europe would you expect to be individualist or collectivist?

17. European map of Individualist vs. Collectivist Culture

18. III. Disparities and Inequalities of EU Territories

19. Disparities and Inequalities: Centripetal or Centrifugal forces?

20. A. Centrifugal Forces: Fragmentation

21. The EU and the Euro Crisis
Video: Emerging Stronger from the Crisis – the European vision

22. 1. Unemployment Rates in Europe
Source: Eurostat 2014

23. Female employment rate, aged 20-64 years Source: Eurostat, 2010

24. 2. Uneven wage earnings

25. 3. GDP per capita (in PPP) 2009
Where are the richest and poorest areas in Europe?
How can you account for this wealth distribution?

26. Poverty Rates in the EU - 2010
Gini Index: a measure intended to represent the income distribution of a nation's residents. This is the most commonly used measure of inequality. The coefficient varies between 0, which reflects complete equality and 100 (or 1), which indicates complete inequality (one person has all the income or consumption, all others have none).

27. 4. FEDER Regional Subsidies
European regional subsidies
Poor regions receiving the most
Wealthy regions receiving the least