1. The War Comes to an End

2. Defeat of Central Powers
Treaty of Brest Litovsk
Russia is out of war
Allows Germany to concentrate on Western Front
Germans reach Marne River
Allies (incl US now) repel Germans
Bulgaria surrenders 09/30/18
Ottoman Empire surrenders 10/30/18

3. Defeat of Central Powers
Austria-Hungary breaks apart, sets up two separate governments, fall 1918
US tells Germany it will only deal with a representative government of the German people
Under German military and civilian unrest the Kaiser abdicates throne in early November 1918

4. WWI Armistice November 11, 1918

5. Armistice November 1918 armistice signed
All fighting to cease at 11:11 AM on November 11, 1918
American Henry Gunther is generally recognized as the last soldier killed in action in World War I. He was killed 60 seconds before the armistice came into force while charging astonished German troops who were aware the Armistice was nearly upon them.

6. Armistice Germany agrees to: Cancel Brest Litovsk
Give up large part of navy (all U-boats)
Turn over munitions
Free prisoners of war
Allied occupation west of Rhine

7. Fourteen Point Plan
January 1918 Wilson gives Congress an overview of his ideas of what should be once the war is over
Six general points
Eight remaining points deal with specific countries and regions

8. Fourteen Points (6 gen’l)
No secret treaties
Freedom of the seas for all nations
Removal of all economic barriers
Reduction of national armaments
Establishment of “general association of nations”
Adjustment of colonial claims so fair to both sides (imperial and colonial)

9. Paris Peace Conference
Big Four (US, GB, Fr, It) dominate conference
Some countries excluded
Russia (now USSR) not invited
Central Powers have little or no representation
Desire for territories and ethnic nationalism are overriding factors

10. Paris Peace Conference
Wilson pushing for a fair plan to all
European Allies want harsh terms
Reparations-who and how much?
New republics in Austria, Hungary, Russia, Germany
“League of Nations”

11. Paris Peace Conference
Wilson pushing his “14 Points”
No official objections but…
European Allies feel hatred toward Germany, responsible for war
Still want secret treaties dividing Cent. Power’s colonies among themselves
Fr believes Germany must be split and various regions occupied by Allies

12. Vocabulary/Items Fourteen Points Armistice Treaty of Brest Litovsk
Reparations
Paris Peace Conference
League of Nations