1. 5.CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION1

2. 5 ELEMENTS IN A CONCLUSION
Objectives
Findings
Implications
Limitations
Recommendations 2

3. 1.Overview of the study
Summarize what the research is all about (do not introduce new ideas)
Explain briefly why & how you conduct the study 3

4. 2. Restatement of the objectives
Rephrase the objectives according to your research questions 4

5. 3. Review of the findings Draw conclusions for each major issues
Use sign posting to connect the findings
Start with the most important one 5

6. 4. Implications of the findings
Conclude/deduce ideas based on findings
Implicate some ideas that can support further actions 6

7. 5. Limitations of research
State the weaknesses (do not apologize)
E.g. Small sample size, limited time, improper instrument, etc. 7

8. Conclusion can be written in paragraph/ point form (page 192-3)8

9. WHAT IS A RECOMMENDATION?
It suggests actions to be taken based on findings
It is related to conclusions
It is NOT based on biases or beliefs that are not supported by data 9

10. 2 TYPES OF RECOMMENDATION
To recommend actions to be taken based on findings
To recommend actions to other researchers for further research 10

11. Recommendation can be written in a paragraph/ point form (page 196)11

12. LANGUAGE INPUT: Modal Auxiliary Verbs
Use appropriate modals when making recommendations:
1. May/Could/Might – mild suggestion
2. Should/Ought to – strong suggestion
3. Must/Have to – extreme suggestion 12