1. Concepts of ANATOMY and
The HUMAN BODY
Concepts of ANATOMY and
PHYSIOLOGY

2. Homeostasis
Body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment--despite changes that occur internally or externally.

3. Homeostasis must be maintained in:
gas concentrations
temperature
blood pressure
pH (acidity)
nutrients
Water
ions

4. Feedback Systems Negative Feedback Positive Feedback
Body attempts to stop (inhibit) action
Most feedback in the body is negative
Positive Feedback
Body attempts to encourage (stimulate) action
Blood clotting, labor, breast milk production

5. 5 STEPS OF FEEDBACK STIMULUS 2. RECEPTOR finds out what happened
What action occurred
2. RECEPTOR
finds out what happened
3. CONTROL CENTER
Brain/spinal cord—decide on action
EFFECTOR-
carries out action
5. RESPONSE—return to homeostasis

6. ANATOMY FORM The study of STRUCTURE And the relationship of systems
What it is
Example, heart, blood cells

7. PHYSIOLOGY
FUNCTION
The study of how body structure and systems work together to perform live processes.
What it does
Ex: Heart pumps blood, blood cells carry Oxygen

8. Levels of Organization
Chemical Level
elements (atoms) and molecules essential for life.
Cellular Level
each cell has a unique shape and function
Tissue Level
groups of similar cells performing a specific function

9. Levels of Organization
Organ Level
two or more different tissues with specific functions and recognizable shapes
System Level
groups of organs which work together for a common function
Organism Level: Human Body-groups of organ systems working together

10. Metabolism
Sum total of ALL CHEMICAL PROCESSES that occur in the body

11. Anabolism
Using energy to synthesize or BUILD new tissue or molecules

12. Catabolism
The BREAKDOWN of tissue or chemical structures to produce or generate energy

13. Directional Terms Superior Inferior Anterior Posterior Medial Lateral
Proximal
Distal

14. Planes
Fixed lines of reference --which aides viewing of the body or an organ

15. Divides body in right and left sections
Sagittal plane
Divides body in right and left sections

16. Divides body into EQUAL right and left sections
Mid-Sagittal plane
Divides body into EQUAL right and left sections

17. Divides into anterior and posterior sections
Mid-Sagittal plane
Divides into anterior and posterior sections

18. Divides into superior and inferior sections
Mid-Sagittal plane
Divides into superior and inferior sections

19. BODY CAVITIES
SPACES in the body that contain body organs or other structures

20. BODY CAVITIES Lined with a serous membrane two membranes
next to the cavity wall—parietal
next to the organ--visceral
Serous fluid is between membranes prevents friction and provides protection and cushion

21. Dorsal Body Cavity Cranial Cavity Spinal (Vertebral) Cavity
houses the brain
Spinal (Vertebral) Cavity
Houses and protects spinal cord

22. Ventral Body Cavity Thoracic Cavity Abdominopelvic Cavity
pleural cavities (2)
mediastinum
pericardial cavity
Abdominopelvic Cavity
abdominal cavity
pelvic cavity

23. Abdominopelvic Quadrants
Imaginary lines intersecting the UMBILICUS. Divides the abdominopelvic cavity into four areas
The quadrants are used by clinical personnel to describe the location if abdominopelvic pain, tumors, or other abnormalities

24. Abdominopelvic Quadrants
LUQ--Left upper quadrant
Spleen
Stomach
Left kidney
RUQ--Right upper quadrant
Liver
Right kidney
Gall bladder
RLQ--Right lower quadrant
Cecum
Appendix
Right ovary
LLQ--Left lower quadrant
Left ovary
Lower descending colon

25. The end