1. Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Blood Flow Characteristics in Chronic Pulmonary Hypertension 
Edward P Chen, Hartmuth B Bittner, Damian M Craig, R.Duane Davis, Peter Van Trigt 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 63, Issue 3, Pages (March 1997)
DOI: /S (96)
Copyright © 1997 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Instrumentation of heart. An ultrasonic flow probe (A) is placed on the pulmonary artery, and micromanometers are inserted into the left atrium (B), right ventricle (C), and pulmonary artery (D) to allow continuous recording of pulmonary artery blood flow and intracavitary pressures. These high-fidelity catheters allow Fourier analysis of the pulmonary circulation for calculation of the pulmonary vascular impedance spectrum.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )
Copyright © 1997 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Significant differences in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) between control (CTL) and monocrotaline pyrrole–treated (MCTP) groups. Eight weeks after drug injection, there was a significant increase in the pulmonary vascular resistance in the MCTP group compared with the CTL group. (∗ = p < 0.005).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )
Copyright © 1997 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Differences in pulmonary vascular impedance spectrum between control (CTL) and monocrotaline pyrrole–treated (MCTP) groups. Eight weeks after drug injection, significant increases were observed in input resistance (RIN) in the MCTP group compared with the CTL group. (∗ = p < 0.001). In addition, characteristic impedance (Zo) was slightly increased in the MCTP group, but this difference did not reach significance.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )
Copyright © 1997 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
Fourier transformation allowed analysis of right ventricular power from the pulmonary vascular impedance spectrum. A significant increase in the absolute value of the hydraulic power as well as the steady-power component of hydraulic power was observed after monocrotaline pyrrole injection. There was no significant difference in the absolute value of the oscillatory power between the two experimental groups. There were, however, significant changes in the ratio of the two components. (CTL = control; MCTP = monocrotaline pyrrole-treated; ∗ = p < 0.05 versus CTL; †p < 0.01 versus CTL.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )
Copyright © 1997 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Photomicrograph of a lung tissue specimen from an experimental animal 8 weeks after monocrotaline pyrrole injection illustrating the plexiform changes in the arterioles. There is smooth muscle hypertrophy in the vessel walls as well as increased connective tissue and adventitia surrounding the medium-sized pulmonary arteriole. (Hematoxylin and eosin; ×325 before 46% reduction.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (96) )
Copyright © 1997 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions