1. Chapter 12
Blood

2. Objectives List the important components of blood
Describe the function of each component
Recognize the significance of the various
blood types
Describe some disorders of the blood
Define the key words that relate to this chapter

3. Blood Average adult body has 8-10 pints of blood Function of the blood
Transport
Regulatory
Protection

4. Transport Blood is the transporting fluid of the body
Oxygen from the lungs to tissues
CO2 from tissue to lungs
Nutrients from small intestine to cells
Waste products from cells to kidneys or
sweat glands

5. Regulatory Hormones and other chemicals
Helps regulate body pH through buffers
and amino acids
Body temperature
Water content of cells

6. Protection
Circulates antibodies and defensive cells
Produces clots

7. Blood Composition Plasma Erythrocytes or red blood cells
Leukocytes or white blood cells
Thrombocytes or platelets

8. Blood Plasma Straw colored Comprises about 55% of the blood volume
Water
92% of the total volume
of plasma
Plasma proteins
Fibrinogen
Albumin
Globulin
Nutrients
Electrolytes
Hormones, vitamins,
and enzymes
Metabolic waste
products

10. Red Blood Cells (RBCs)
Hematopoiesis is the formation of all blood cells
Occurs in the red bone marrow
Certain lymphatic tissue produces some white blood cells
Develop from stem cells

11. Erythropoiesis The manufacture of red blood cells (RBCs)
Red bone marrow
RBCs live about 120 days
Process of development and breakdown
Hemoglobin is separated into heme and globin
Normal ranges
Females 4.2 to 5.4 million/µl
Males 4.5 to 6.2 million/µl

12. Hemoglobin Erythrocytes contain a red pigment called hemoglobin
Made of protein molecule called globin and an iron compound called heme
Function of RBCs
Helps to transport oxygen to the tissues and some carbon
dioxide away from the tissues
Normal ranges
Females g/100ml
Males g/100ml
Hemolysis

14. White Blood Cells (WBCs)
Called leukocytes
Natural defense against injury and disease
Phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria
Synthesis of antibody molecules
“Cleaning up” of cellular remnants at the site of inflammation
Walling off of the infected area

16. Types of Leukocytes
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
Arise from myeloblasts

17. Granulocytes Neutrophils-phagocytize bacteria
Eosinophils-phagocytize remains of
antibody-antigen reactions
Basophils-acitvated during allergic reaction
or inflammation

18. Agranulocytes Lymphocytes-help the body by synthesizing
and releasing antibody molecules and
protecting against the formation of CA cells
B-lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes
Monocytes-assist in phagocytosis, able to
leave the bloodstream and attach themselves
to tissues

21. Inflammation Occurs when living tissue is damaged in any way
Signs and symptoms
Redness
Local heat
Swelling
Pain
The inflammatory process

23. Thrombocytes (Blood Platelets)
Function in the initiation of the blood-clotting process
Normal ranges
250,000 to 450,00 per cubic millimeter of blood

25. Coagulation Injury leads to release of serotonin and thromboplastin
Prothrombin converts to thrombin
Fibrinogen converts to fibrin
Clot
Clotting time norms

27. Blood Types Types-A, B, AB, O Antigens-on the surface of the RBC
Antibody-
Type A Blood-has B antibodies in plasma
Type B Blood-A antibodies in plasma
Type O Blood-no antibodies
Type AB Blood-A and B both antibodies
Agglutination: when incompatible blood types
mix and form clumps

28. RH Factors RH factor: is an antigen found in human blood
Rh+ means that the antigen is present on the
surface of the blood cell
Rh- means that there is not an antigen present
Transfusion reaction with second transfusion
due to development of antibodies with 1st
transfusion.