1. Effect of Epivascular Cardiac Autonomic Nerve Stimulation on Cardiac Function 
Mariko Kobayashi, MD, Seiichiro Sakurai, MD, Tohru Takaseya, MD, PhD, Akira Shiose, MD, PhD, Hyun-Il Kim, MD, Masako Fujiki, MD, Jamshid H. Karimov, MD, PhD, Raymond Dessoffy, AA, Alex Massiello, MEBME, Allen G. Borowski, RDCS, David R. Van Wagoner, PhD, Eugene J. Jung, BSME, Kiyotaka Fukamachi, MD, PhD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 94, Issue 4, Pages (October 2012)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Optimal epivascular cardiac plexus stimulation (CPS) positions A and B (dorsal view of the heart). (Ao = aorta; IVC = inferior vena cava; LA = left atrium; LV = left ventricle; rPA = right pulmonary artery; RV = right ventricle; SVC = superior vena cava.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
(A) Surgical access for epivascular stimulation (catheter placed at the cranial side of the right PA [position A] in Fig 1). The asterisk (*) between dotted lines indicates the pathway of the right pulmonary artery (PA). (B) Epivascular stimulation point (position A) seen by angiography.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
Data supporting the direct relationship between increasing cardiac plexus stimulation (CPS) voltage and the degree of arterial pressure (AoP) increase.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Effects of cardiac plexus stimulation (CPS) on the left ventricular (LV) pressure-volume loops during inferior vena cava occlusion. (Ees = end-systolic elastance.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2012 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions