1. Ladder Safety For Experts
You might have built your first ladder as kid for access to a tree house and got away with used lumber and bent nails to give yourself many hours of freedom. And then today you still pride yourself on your creative ingenuity and get things done attitude. This program is about ladders and trying to convince you not to miss use the device.

2. Anasazi Hohokum & Sinagua
The use of ladders in this country can be traced back thousands of years to now extinct peoples.
They lived in "houses" called pueblos in which they lifted up ladders during enemy attacks, providing the Pueblo peoples security. The cultural group has often been referred to in archaeology as the Anasazi, although the term is not preferred by contemporary Pueblo peoples.] The word Anasází is Navajo for "Ancient Ones" or "Ancient Enemy".
This period can generally be considered a time of both growth and social change. The community of Snaketown, once central to the culture, was suddenly abandoned. It seems that parts of this large village were burned, and thereafter it was never reoccupied. This period also witnessed the construction of large and prestigious structures in the Salt-Gila Basin. These included large rectangular adobe-walled compounds with platform mounds and Great Houses, such as the example found at the Casa Grande Ruins National Monument. Additionally, evidence of Hohokam influence in a broader context decreased significantly.
Like many other Indian cultures in the Southwest at this time, the Sinagua people were farmers who were growing corn and other crops. The Colorado Plateau area in which they lived provided them with a growing season of about 90 days and the area received about 20 inches of rain per year. The Sinagua people arrived in the Colorado Plateau area about 1500 years ago. For a long time-archaeologists suggest 600 years-they lived in small clusters of pit houses, circular or squarish huts with sunken floors, stone or wood-lined walls, and adobe roofs. In terms of material culture, the Sinagua resembled the Mogollon people with their pithouses and brown pottery.
The Sinagua lived near two very powerful societies. To the northeast, in what is now New Mexico, were the Anasazi who built a number of pueblos in Chaco Canyon. Anasazi pueblos are characterized by multistory great houses and sophisticated road networks.
To the south of the Sinagua, near the present-day city of Phoenix, were the Hohokam, who engineered hundreds of miles of sophisticated canals to water their desert fields.
What these peoples had in common was their use of ladders to gain access to their cliff dwellings and security from their enemies.

3. Why! 300 people will die falling from ladders this year!
I wonder if the ladders built by the Anasazi, Hohokum & Sinagua; for their safety caused as many deaths each year as the very safe, certified ladders used at home and in industry today?
Falls from heights are a safety problem in industry and in homes. At least three hundred people a year die in simple falls from ladders. Ladders account for about 100 thousand injuries each year. The distinction between ladder accidents and elevated fall accidents is blurred in accident statistics. We know the effect of falls. A person falling from any height will accelerate until he hits a fixed object. The results will depend on several variables, but, statistics show that in a fall of eleven feet or more, 50 percent of victims will die.
Lets answer the question by looking at the rules of ladder use.
Why!

4. vs Why! Why not! Using a stepladder as a non-self-supporting ladder
Well because I needed an 18 foot ladder to get to the work. Because my 18 foot step ladder was too wide at the bottom to fit on the stairs I just inverted it. You can see for yourself that it worked just fine!
Why not! (Cheat this way)!
Those little rubber feet are there for a reason.
The top is often a slick metal or plastic.
The steps are supported with a brace in one direction only.
The sharp bottom edge of the step is hard on the feet.
Because my family will miss me if I die falling off of the ladder and down the stairs
Or it will hurt if I fall and land my back on the railing!
Re: Using a stepladder as a non-self-supporting ladder Question: 29 CFR (b)(4) requires ladders to be used only for the purpose for which they were designed. Some manufacturers have indicated a concern that a self-supporting ladder might slip out and cause someone to fall if it is used as a non-self-supporting ladder. Scenario: A stepladder (which is a type of' self-supporting ladder) is used as a non-self-supporting ladder, but the bottom of the ladder is either "footed" (that is, another person keeps their foot on the bottom to keep the ladder from slipping) or the ladder is tied off at the bottom to prevent the bottom from slipping out. Would the use of a stepladder as described above violate 29 CFR (b)(4)? If so, would such use be a de minimis violation? Answer: In 29 CFR 1926 Subpart X, (b)(4) states:
Ladders shall be used only for the purpose for which they were designed. [Emphasis added] Thus, using a stepladder as a non-self-supporting ladder would violate § (b)(4) if the ladder were not designed for that purpose. The particular design of a stepladder varies from manufacturer to manufacturer. Therefore, whether or not the scenario you describe constitutes a violation of § (b)(4) would depend on whether such use is consistent with the purpose intended by the manufacturer. It is our understanding that self-supporting ladders, including stepladders, typically, are not designed to be used as non-self-supporting ladders unless otherwise indicated by the manufacturer. For example, note that paragraph of ANSI A and ANSI-ASC A state that, "[s]elf-supporting ladders shall not be used as single ladders or in the partially closed position" [emphasis added].1 Note, also, that ANSI-ASC A defines "single ladder" as a "non-self-supporting portable ladder, nonadjustable in length, consisting of one section." Statements from manufacturers indicating a concern that a self-supporting ladder might slip out and cause someone to fall, if used as a non-self-supporting ladder, would be consistent with these ANSI provisions. Typically, having a coworker hold the ladder, or using rope to attempt to restrain the ladder at its base, would not be considered substitutes for this requirement. We note that, for example, slip-out is not the only hazard that can result from using a ladder differently than in accordance with its design. Furthermore, (a)(2) states:
Ladder rungs, cleats, and steps shall be level when the ladder is in position for use. [Emphasis added] Stepladders are typically designed so that the rungs are level when the ladder is in the open and locked position and the ladder is placed on a stable and level surface. Consequently, it is likely that positioning a stepladder for use as a non-self-supporting ladder would result in the ladder's rungs being out-of-level, which would violate (a)(2). Sincerely, Richard E. Fairfax, Acting Director Directorate of Construction

5. Always open the spreader bar!
NIOSH Tells us WHY!
In 3 ladder fall categories!
Wrong ladder.
Ladder or support failed.
Ladder was improperly used.
Always open the spreader bar!
A NIOSH study classifies ladder falls into one of three broad categories. (1) Accidents in which the wrong ladder was used to do a job. (2) Accidents in which the ladder failed due to the physical condition of the ladder or the condition of its supporting surface. (3) Accidents in which the ladder was improperly used. To this list of shortcomings, we add another. T

6. Each self supporting ladder shall support at least four times the maximum load.
Metal or Plastic 1A ladders shall support at least 3.3 times the intended load.
(a)(1)(i) Each self-supporting portable ladder: At least four times the maximum intended load, except that each extra-heavy-duty type 1A metal or plastic ladder shall sustain at least 3.3 time the maximum intended load. The ability of a ladder to sustain the loads indicated in this paragraph shall be determined by applying or transmitting the requisite load to the ladder in a downward vertical direction. Ladders built and tested in conformance with the applicable provisions of appendix A of this subpart will be deemed to meet this requirement.

7. Select the working height
Select the material
Select the style
Select the working height
Select the type
Light Duty
Type III
Medium Duty
Type II
Heavy Duty
Type I
Extra Heavy Duty
Type IA
Special Duty
Type IAA
The terminology of Ladder Grades, Duty Ratings, and Types may initially be confusing to some customers. Remember that the Duty Rating is the maximum safe load capacity of the ladder. Hence, Duty Ratings are described in terms of pounds, such as a 300 lb. Duty-Rated Type IA ladder which is designed for extra heavy duty professional use where the total weight on the ladder does not exceed 300 pounds.
(b)(3) Ladders shall not be loaded beyond the maximum intended load for which they were built, nor beyond their manufacturer's rated capacity.

8. 1925.1053(a)(1)(ii) Each portable ladders shall support 4 x the intended load.
Gives new meaning to the term “portable”!
(a)(1)(ii) Each portable ladder that is not self-supporting: At least four times the maximum intended load, except that each extra-heavy-duty type 1A metal or plastic ladders shall sustain at least 3.3 times the maximum intended load. The ability of a ladder to sustain the loads indicated in this paragraph shall be determined by applying or transmitting the requisite load to the ladder in a downward vertical direction when the ladder is placed at an angle of 75 1/2 degrees from the horizontal. Ladders built and tested in conformance with the applicable provisions of appendix A will be deemed to meet this requirement.
Except metal or plastic 1A ladders shall support 3.3 X the intended load.

9. (a)(2) Ladder rungs, cleats, and steps shall be parallel, level, and uniformly spaced when the ladder is in position for use.
(a)(2) Ladder rungs, cleats, and steps shall be parallel, level, and uniformly spaced when the ladder is in position for use.
(a)(3) (a)(3)(i) Rungs, cleats, and steps of portable ladders (except as provided below) and fixed ladders (including individual-rung/step ladders) shall be spaced not less than 10 inches (25 cm) apart, nor more than 14 inches (36 cm) apart, as measured between center lines of the rungs, cleats and steps.
(a)(3)(ii) Rungs, cleats, and steps of step stools shall be not less than 8 inches (20 cm) apart, nor more than 12 inches (31 cm) apart, as measured between center lines of the rungs, cleats, and steps.
(a)(3)(iii) Rungs, cleats, and steps of the base section of extension trestle ladders shall be not less than 8 inches (20 cm) nor more than 18 inches (46 cm) apart, as measured between center lines of the rungs, cleats, and steps. The rung spacing on the extension section of the extension trestle ladder shall be not less than 6 inches (15 cm) nor more than 12 inches (31 cm), as measured between center lines of the rungs, cleats, and steps.
(a)(4) (a)(4)(i) The minimum clear distance between the sides of individual-rung/step ladders and the minimum clear distance between the side rails of other fixed ladders shall be 16 inches (41 cm).
(a)(4)(ii) The minimum clear distance between side rails for all portable ladders shall be 11 1/2 inches (29 cm).
(a)(5) The rungs of individual-rung/step ladders shall be shaped such that employees' feet cannot slide off the end of the rungs.

10. The load on a ladder is in a downward vertical direction.
Placed at a 75 1/2 degree angle from horizontal.
(a)(1)(ii) Each portable ladder that is not self-supporting: At least four times the maximum intended load, except that each extra-heavy-duty type 1A metal or plastic ladders shall sustain at least 3.3 times the maximum intended load. The ability of a ladder to sustain the loads indicated in this paragraph shall be determined by applying or transmitting the requisite load to the ladder in a downward vertical direction when the ladder is placed at an angle of 75 1/2 degrees from the h
This appendix serves as a non-mandatory guideline to assist employers in complying with the ladder loading and strength requirements of (a)(1). A ladder designed and built in accordance with the applicable national consensus standards, as set forth below, will be considered to meet the requirements of (a)(1):
. Manufactured portable wood ladders: American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A American National Standard for Ladders-Portable Wood-Safety Requirements.
. Manufactured portable metal ladders: ANSI A American National Standard for Ladders - Portable Metal - Safety Requirements.
. Manufactured fixed ladders: ANSI A American National Standard for Ladders - Fixed - Safety Requirements.
. Job-made ladders: ANSI A Safety Requirements for Job-Made Ladders.
. Plastic ladders: ANSI A American National Standard for Ladders - Portable Reinforced Plastic - Safety Requirements
horizontal. Ladders built and tested in conformance with the applicable provisions of appendix A will be deemed to meet this requirement.

11. The recommended Ladder angle is:
75.5˚
45˚
33.3˚
Any of the above will work!
(b)(5)(i) Non-self-supporting ladders shall be used at an angle such that the horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the ladder is approximately one-quarter of the working length of the ladder (the distance along the ladder between the foot and the top support).
(b)(5)(ii) Wood job-made ladders with spliced side rails shall be used at an angle such that the horizontal distance is one-eighth the working length of the ladder.
(b)(5)(iii) Fixed ladders shall be used at a pitch no greater than 90 degrees from the horizontal, as measured to the back side of the ladder.
(a)(1)(ii) Each portable ladder that is not self-supporting: At least four times the maximum intended load, except that each extra-heavy-duty type 1A metal or plastic ladders shall sustain at least 3.3 times the maximum intended load. The ability of a ladder to sustain the loads indicated in this paragraph shall be determined by applying or transmitting the requisite load to the ladder in a downward vertical direction when the ladder is placed at an angle of 75 1/2 degrees from the horizontal. Ladders built and tested in conformance with the applicable provisions of appendix A will be deemed to meet this requirement.

12. The rungs and steps of portable metal ladders shall be corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material.
Okay; what will keep this ladder from slipping better? The rubberized feet or the rubberized extension cord?
Could you foresee the cord insulation being cut and the aluminum becoming energized?
(a)(6)(i) The rungs and steps of fixed metal ladders manufactured after March 15, 1991, shall be corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material, or otherwise treated to minimize slipping.
(a)(6)(ii) The rungs and steps of portable metal ladders shall be corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material, or otherwise treated to minimize slipping.

13. Ladders shall not be tied together.
(a)(7) Ladders shall not be tied or fastened together
(a)(7)
Ladders shall not be tied together.
(a)(7) Ladders shall not be tied or fastened together to provide longer sections unless they are specifically designed for such use.

14. (a)(8) A metal spreader or locking device shall be provided to hold the front and back sections open.
(a)(8) A metal spreader or locking device shall be provided on each stepladder to hold the front and back sections in an open position when the ladder is being used.

15. (a)(9) When splicing is required to obtain a given length of side rail, the resulting side rail must be at least equivalent in strength to a one-piece side rail made of the same material.
(a)(9) When splicing is required to obtain a given length of side rail, the resulting side rail must be at least equivalent in strength to a one-piece side rail made of the same material.

16. 1926.1053(a)(10) Except when portable ladders are used to gain access to fixed ladders
(a)(10) Except when portable ladders are used to gain access to fixed ladders (such as those on utility towers, billboards, and other structures where the bottom of the fixed ladder is elevated to limit access), when two or more separate ladders are used to reach an elevated work area, the ladders shall be offset with a platform or landing between the ladders. (The requirements to have guardrail systems with toeboards for falling object and overhead protection on platforms and landings are set forth in subpart M of this part.)
(a)(13) The minimum perpendicular clearance between fixed ladder rungs, cleats, and steps, and any obstruction behind the ladder shall be 7 inches (18 cm), except in the case of an elevator pit ladder for which a minimum perpendicular clearance of 4 1/2 inches (11 cm) is required.
(a)(14) The minimum perpendicular clearance between the center line of fixed ladder rungs, cleats, and steps, and any obstruction on the climbing side of the ladder shall be 30 inches (76 cm), except as provided in paragraph (a)(15) of this section.
(a)(15) When unavoidable obstructions are encountered, the minimum perpendicular clearance between the centerline of fixed ladder rungs, cleats, and steps, and the obstruction on the climbing side of the ladder may be reduced to 24 inches (61 cm), provided that a deflection device is installed to guide employees around the obstruction.
(a)(16) Through fixed ladders at their point of access/egress shall have a step-across distance of not less than 7 inches (18 cm) nor more than 12 inches (30 cm) as measured from the centerline of the steps or rungs to the nearest edge of the landing area. If the normal step-across distance exceeds 12 inches (30 cm), a landing platform shall be provided to reduce the distance to the specified limit.

17. What is the reason for the gate on the fixed ladder?
(a)(10) Except when portable ladders are used to gain access to fixed ladders (such as those on utility towers, billboards, and other structures where the bottom of the fixed ladder is elevated to limit access), when two or more separate ladders are used to reach an elevated work area, the ladders shall be offset with a platform or landing between the ladders. (The requirements to have guardrail systems with toeboards for falling object and overhead protection on platforms and landings are set forth in subpart M of this part.)

18. (a)(11) Ladder components shall be surfaced so as to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing.
Also avoid melting it.
(a)(11) Ladder components shall be surfaced so as to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations, and to prevent snagging of clothing.
(a)(12) Wood ladders shall not be coated with any opaque covering, except for identification or warning labels which may be placed on one face only of a side rail.

19. (a)(12) Wood ladders shall not be coated with any opaque covering except for the warning stickers.
(a)(12) Wood ladders shall not be coated with any opaque covering, except for identification or warning labels which may be placed on one face only of a side rail.

20. Where the fixed ladder exceeds 24 feet:
(a)(19)(i) Ladder safety devices; or
(a)(19)(ii) Self-retracting lifelines, and rest platforms at intervals not to exceed 150 feet (45.7 m); or
(a)(19)(iii) A cage or well, and multiple ladder sections
(a)(17) Fixed ladders without cages or wells shall have a clear width to the nearest permanent object of at least 15 inches (30 cm) on each side of the centerline of the ladder.
(a)(18) Fixed ladders shall be provided with cages, wells, ladder safety devices, or self-retracting lifelines where the length of climb is less than 24 feet (7.3 m) but the top of the ladder is at a distance greater than 24 feet (7.3 m) above lower levels.
(a)(19) Where the total length of a climb equals or exceeds 24 feet (7.3 m), fixed ladders shall be equipped with one of the following:
(a)(19)(i) Ladder safety devices;
or (a)(19)(ii) Self-retracting lifelines, and rest platforms at intervals not to exceed 150 feet (45.7 m);
or (a)(19)(iii) A cage or well, and multiple ladder sections, each ladder section not to exceed 50 feet (15.2 m) in length. Ladder sections shall be offset from adjacent sections, and landing platforms shall be provided at maximum intervals of 50 feet (15.2 m).

21. Almost 150 thousand people are hurt each year in the U
Almost 150 thousand people are hurt each year in the U.S while using ladders.
The picture: A ten foot fall from a ladder while trimming a large tree limb resulted in a severely broken leg “external fixator” was installed to hold the leg in place until the swelling went down. 2 screws directly into the femur bone about 2/3 of the way up the thigh, 3 more into the Tibia (shin bone). This remained in place for 3 weeks before a surgery to permanently repair the damage. This “fixator” runs approximately $6000 installed.
A fall from a ladder can happen to anyone and the injury may be severe.  Almost 150 thousand people are hurt each year in the U.S while using ladders.  
Males predominate in ladder-related injuries (76.5%,).
 Fractures are the most common type of injury (31.5%,). The body parts most frequently injured are the legs and feet (30.4%).
Nearly 10% of injuries resulted in hospitalization or transfer to another hospital.
The number of ladder-related injuries increased by more than 50% from 1990 to 2005.
  97.3% of recorded ladder injuries occurred in non-occupational settings, such as homes and farms.
 A common problem is trying to save money by keeping that old ladder on site or at home.  A defective ladder is like a loaded gun just waiting for someone to pull the trigger.   The cost and pain and suffering of a fall from a ladder will far outweigh the miniscule cost to get a new heavy duty grade ladder. Get rid of the damaged or defective ladder before someone at your home or work gets hurt.

22. (b)(1) When portable ladders are used for access to an upper landing surface, the ladder side rails shall extend at least 3 feet (.9 m) above the upper landing
(b)(1) When portable ladders are used for access to an upper landing surface, the ladder side rails shall extend at least 3 feet (.9 m) above the upper landing surface to which the ladder is used to gain access; or, when such an extension is not possible because of the ladder's length, then the ladder shall be secured at its top to a rigid support that will not deflect, and a grasping device, such as a grabrail, shall be provided to assist employees in mounting and dismounting the ladder. In no case shall the extension be such that ladder deflection under a load would, by itself, cause the ladder to slip off its support.

23. 1926.1053(b)(2) Ladders shall be maintained free of oil, grease, and other slipping hazards.
(a)(6)(i) The rungs and steps of fixed metal ladders manufactured after March 15, 1991, shall be corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material, or otherwise treated to minimize slipping.

24. (b)(3) Ladders shall not be loaded beyond the maximum intended load for which they were built, nor beyond their manufacturer's rated capacity.
(b)(3) Ladders shall not be loaded beyond the maximum intended load for which they were built, nor beyond their manufacturer's rated capacity.

25. 1926.1053(b)(4) Ladders shall be used only for the purpose for which they were designed.

26. (b)(5)(i) Non-self-supporting ladders shall be set approximately one-quarter of the working length away from the supporting structure.
(b)(5)(i)
Non-self-supporting ladders shall be used at an angle such that the horizontal distance from the top support to the foot of the ladder is approximately one-quarter of the working length of the ladder (the distance along the ladder between the foot and the top support).

27. 1926.1053(b)(6) Ladders shall be used only on stable and level surfaces unless secured.
(b)(6) Ladders shall be used only on stable and level surfaces unless secured to prevent accidental displacement.

28. Ladders shall not be used on slippery surfaces unless secured. . .
Ladders shall not be used on slippery surfaces unless secured or provided with slip-resistant feet to prevent accidental displacement. Slip-resistant feet shall not be used as a substitute for care in placing, lashing, or holding a ladder that is used upon slippery surfaces including, but not limited to, flat metal or concrete surfaces that are constructed so they cannot be prevented from becoming slippery.
(b)(7)
Ladders shall not be used on slippery surfaces unless secured. . .

29. (b)(8) Ladders placed in any location where they can be displaced by workplace activities or traffic, such
as in passageways,
doorways,
or driveways,
shall be
secured
(b)(8)
Ladders placed in any location where they can be displaced by workplace activities or traffic, such as in passageways, doorways, or driveways, shall be secured to prevent accidental displacement, or a barricade shall be used to keep the activities or traffic away from the ladder.

30. The area around the top and bottom of ladders shall be kept clear.
(b)(10) The top of a non-self-supporting ladder shall be placed with the two rails supported equally unless it is equipped with a single support attachment.

31. The top rails shall be supported equally. . . .
(b)(10)
The top rails shall be supported equally
(b)(10) The top of a non-self-supporting ladder shall be placed with the two rails supported equally unless it is equipped with a single support attachment.

32. Ladders shall not be moved, shifted, or extended while occupied.
(b)(11)
Ladders shall not be moved, shifted, or extended while occupied.
(b)(11)
Ladders shall not be moved, shifted, or extended while occupied. Hey Bill: move the load forward 16 inches will you?

33. 1926.1053(b)(12) Ladders shall have nonconductive side rails.
(b)(12) Ladders shall have nonconductive siderails if they are used where the employee or the ladder could contact exposed energized electrical equipment, except as provided in (c)(1) of this part.

34. Don’t use stools on tables.
Why?
Nothing under the ladder! Why?
Don’t support the ladder on it’s braces.
Why?
Don’t lean step ladders against the wall.
Why?
(b)(13)
The top or top step of a stepladder shall not be used as a step.
Nothing under the ladder in case you fall!
Don’t lean step ladders, as non-self supporting ladders as the feet aren’t designed to support the weight at this angle and don’t have gripping feet as extension ladders do.
Don’t use stools on tables because, strength, step height, slip protection and stability are all issues.
The braces are designed to give strength to the rungs in the downward direction and the ladder is very likely to be damaged when used in this fashion. Wouldn’t it just be simpler to get the right ladder in the first place?

35. (b)(14)
Cross-bracing on the rear section of stepladders shall not be used for climbing
(b)(14)
Cross-bracing on the rear section of stepladders shall not be used for
climbing unless the ladders are designed and provided with steps for
climbing on both front and rear sections.

36. Ladders shall be inspected by a competent person. . . .
Ladders shall be inspected by a competent person for visible defects on a periodic basis and after any occurrence that could affect their safe use.

37. (b)(16)
Portable ladders with structural defects such as broken or missing rungs, cleats, steps, broken or split rails. .
(b)(16)
Portable ladders with structural defects, such as, but not limited to, broken or missing rungs, cleats, or steps, broken or split rails, corroded components, or other faulty or defective components, shall either be immediately marked in a manner that readily identifies them as defective, or be tagged with "Do Not Use" or similar language, and shall be withdrawn from service until repaired.

38. Tagged with "Do Not Use" or
(b)(17)
Fixed ladders with structural defects:
Tagged with "Do Not Use" or
Marked in a manner that readily identifies it as defective; or
(b)(17)
Fixed ladders with structural defects, such as, but not limited to, broken or missing rungs, cleats, or steps, broken or split rails, or corroded components, shall be withdrawn from service until repaired. The requirement to withdraw a defective ladder from service is satisfied if the ladder is either:
(b)(17)(i) Immediately tagged with "Do Not Use" or similar language;
(b)(17)(ii) Marked in a manner that readily identifies it as defective;
(b)(17)(iii) Or blocked (such as with a plywood attachment that spans several rungs).
Blocked with plywood that spans several rungs.

39. (b)(18)
Ladder repairs shall restore the ladder to a condition meeting its original
design
criteria
before the
ladder is
returned
to use.
(b)(18)
Ladder repairs shall restore the ladder to a condition meeting its
original design criteria, before the ladder is returned to use.

40. When ascending or descending a ladder, the user shall face the ladder.
(b)(20)
When ascending or descending a ladder, the user shall face the ladder.
(b)(19)
Single-rail ladders shall not be used.
(b)(20)
When ascending or descending a ladder, the user shall face the ladder.

41. Each employee shall use at least one hand to grasp the ladder when
(b)(21)
Each employee shall use at least one hand to grasp the ladder when
progressing up and/or down the ladder.
(b)(21)
Each employee shall use at least one hand to grasp the ladder when progressing up and/or down the ladder.

42. (b)(22)
An employee shall not carry any object or load that could cause the employee to lose balance and fall.
(b)(22)
An employee shall not carry any object or load that could cause the
employee to lose balance and fall.

43. There are a lot of “DON’Ts when it comes to using ladders your safety requires doing the right thing!
Use insulated ladders.
Use the right ladder.
Use it on stable ground.

44. Secure the ladder by tying or bracing it.
Use fall protection as appropriate

45. How many of the 300 ladder deaths could be prevented?
Over reaching is one of the leading causes for the 150,000 ladder related injuries each year.
How do you reduce the number of deaths? Reduce the number of injuries? How do you reduce the injuries? Do what you know is right?
How many of the 300 ladder deaths could be prevented?