1. ATP Energy storing molecule Can be used for quick energy by the cell
Energy is stored in the phosphate bonds.

2. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
the process that uses sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water.
H2O and CO2 are used to produce Glucose and O2.
6H2O+6CO2C6H12O6+6O2
Occurs in some bacteria and in the chloroplasts of green plants green algae.
Occurs in two parts.

3. PHOTOSYNTHESIS SUN Two reactions make up photosynthesis:
1. Light Dependent Reaction -
Light energy is converted to chemical energy which is temporarily stored in the form of ATP and NADPH (chemical energy).
2. Light Independent Reaction (The Calvin Cycle)
CO2 is used to make glucose molecules.
The chemical energy stored in ATP and NADPH powers to formation of glucose.
Also called Carbon Fixation or C3 Fixation

4. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Photosynthesis Animation

5. AEROBIC RESPIRATION
Process used to release energy (ATP) for cellular use.
C6H12O6+6O26H2O+6CO2
Occurs in the mitochondria of all eukaryotes

6. GLYCOLYSIS STEP ONE Means “splitting glucose”.
Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules.
Occurs in the cytoplasm (cytosol) just outside of mitochondria.
It is anaerobic which means it does NOT require oxygen.
YEILDS: 2 ATP, 2 NADPH, 2 pyruvate

7. KREBS CYCLE (CITRIC ACID CYCLE)
STEP TWO
Aerobic which means it requires O2.
Each Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs Cycle resulting in two complete cycles to get yield.
Location: mitochondrial matrix.
Acetyl CoA (2C) bonds to Oxalacetic acid (4C - OAA) to make Citrate (6C).
It takes 2 turns of the Krebs cycle to oxidize 1 glucose molecule.
Mitochondrial
Matrix

8. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Oxidative Phosphorylation (Chemiosmosis)
Inner
Mitochondrial
Membrane
STEP THREE
Aerobic
Location: inner mitochondrial membrane (cristae)
Electron acceptors in the chain accept NADH/FADH2 electrons. As electrons pass down a series of molecules to O2 – the O2 combines with H atoms to form H2O and ATP.

9. MAX ATP YIELD FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION (EUKARYOTES)
Glucose
Glycolysis
2ATP ATP 6ATP 18ATP ATP ATP
2 ATP
(substrate-level
phosphorylation)
2NADH
6NADH
Krebs
Cycle
2FADH2
2 Pyruvate
2 Acetyl CoA
ETC and Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Cytosol
Mitochondria
36 ATP (maximum per glucose)

10. ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION aka Fermentation
Does not require Oxygen
also used to release energy, but not as efficient as aerobic respiration (less ATP)
Products include CO2 and lactic acid or alcohol
Two Types: Alcoholic Fermentation and Lactic Acid Fermentation
Occurs in cytoplasm when cells are deprived of oxygen.
Lactic acid forms during increased muscle activity. Cramps result from increased acidity level.
Alcohol fermentation occurs in fungi such as yeast and some bacteria produce ethanol and CO2.

11. TO DO
Complete page two for Monday. You got the sheet Wednesday.