1. Maximal haemostatic effect is attained in porcine skin within 7 min of the administration of a local anaesthetic together with epinephrine, refuting the need for a 30 min waiting time 
Rafi Sheikh, Jenny Hult, Josefine Bunke, Ulf Dahlstrand, Cu Ansson, Khashayar Memarzadeh, Malin Malmsjö 
JPRAS Open 
Volume 19, Pages (March 2019)
DOI: /j.jpra
Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Representative example of surgical swabs with blood collected from the lidocaine (control) and lidocaine + epinephrine injection sites following incision, after 3, 5, 7, 15 and 30 min.
JPRAS Open  , 77-81DOI: ( /j.jpra )
Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Blood loss (mg) after the injection of lidocaine only (control) and lidocaine + epinephrine at 3, 5, 7, 15 and 30 min.
JPRAS Open  , 77-81DOI: ( /j.jpra )
Copyright © 2018 The Authors Terms and Conditions