1. Ultrasound assessment of cranial spread during caudal blockade in children: the effect of different volumes of local anaesthetics 
L. Brenner, P. Marhofer, S.C. Kettner, H. Willschke, A.-M. Machata, U. Al-Zoraigi, M. Lundblad, P.-A. Lönnqvist 
British Journal of Anaesthesia 
Volume 107, Issue 2, Pages (August 2011)
DOI: /bja/aer128
Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Performance of the caudal block under ultrasound guidance. The black and white arrows indicate the position of TH-12 and the conus, respectively.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aer128)
Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

3. Fig 2
Ultrasound illustration of the spread of local anaesthetic inside the epidural space during caudal injection. The anechogenic area above the dura mater represents the local anaesthetic.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aer128)
Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

4. Fig 3
CONSORT statement.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aer128)
Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

5. Fig 4
Cranial spread of local anaesthetic after caudal anaesthesia, representing the median, first, and third quartiles (boxes), and the range (whiskers). Asterisk denotes Group 1.3 vs Group 0.7, P=0.0002; hash represents Group1.3 vs Group 1.0, P=0.03.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aer128)
Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

6. Fig 5
Distance of the spread of local anaesthetic relative to the conus medullaris after caudal anaesthesia, representing the median, first, and third quartiles (boxes), and the range (whiskers). Asterisk denotes Group 0.7 vs Group 1.3, P=0.0005; hash denotes Group 0.7 vs Group 1.0, P=0.04.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aer128)
Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

7. Fig 6
Cranial segmental spread of local anaesthetic after caudal anaesthesia in children ≤12 months and >12 months, representing the median, first, and third quartiles (boxes), and the range (whiskers).
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aer128)
Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions

8. Fig 7
Cranial spread of local anaesthetic relative to the conus medullaris after caudal anaesthesia in children ≤12 months and >12 months, representing the median, first, and third quartiles (boxes), and the range (whiskers). *P=0.003.
British Journal of Anaesthesia  , DOI: ( /bja/aer128)
Copyright © 2011 The Author(s) Terms and Conditions