1. The microbial environment and its influence on asthma prevention in early life 
Erika von Mutius, MD, MSc 
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 
Volume 137, Issue 3, Pages (March 2016)
DOI: /j.jaci
Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Environmental microbial exposures through siblings, day care, dogs, or farming environments can affect 3 compartments of the host (ie, the respiratory system, the gut, and/or the skin). Protective effects can be mediated through changes of the resident microbiome, which might result in the production of protective metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan, or zwitterionic polysaccharides. Alternatively or additionally, pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or damage-associated-molecular patterns (DAMPs) from microbes might stimulate innate immune responses and thereby protect against asthma and allergies.
Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology  , DOI: ( /j.jaci )
Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Terms and Conditions