1. 2nd Semester Review Questions

2. 1) Disease causing bacteria are known as
A. cocci
B. baccilli
C. pathogens
D. archaebacteria

3. 2) The outer protein coat of a virus is a
A. core of DNA
B. core of RNA
C. capsid
D. membrane envelope

4. 3) A lysogenic infection occurs when a
A. virus infects a bacterium and kills it immediately
B. virus embeds its genome into the DNA of the host cell
C. virus enters a cell, makes copies of itself, and causes the cell to burst
D. virus inserts its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and remains a part of the host cell for many generations

5. 4) The most important nonspecific defense against pathogens is your
A. tears
B. skin
C. mucus
D. fever

6. 5) A substance that triggers the specific defenses of the immune system is a(n)
A. antibody
B. B cell
C. pathogen
D. antigen

7. 6) A nucleotide does NOT contain
A. a 5-carbon sugar
B. polymerase
C. a nitrogen base
D. a phosphate group

8. 7) What would be the other side of the double helix if the sequence was: AAGCTGCTG
A. AAGCTGCTG
B. UUCGACGAC
C. TTCGACGAC

9. 8) In eukaryotes, DNA molecules are located in the
A. cytoplasm
B. histone
C. nucleus
D. ribosome

10. 9) The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of RNA is called
A. translation
B. transcription
C. transformation
D. replication

11. 10) What is the mRNA sequence for the following DNA Sequence
10) What is the mRNA sequence for the following DNA Sequence? AAT CGC TAA ACT
A. AAU CGC UAA AGU
B. AAT GCG TAA ACT
C. UUA GCG AUU UGA
D. TTA GCG ATT TGA

12. 11) The main enzyme involved in bringing over new DNA nucleotides and linking them is
A. transfer RNA
B. ribose
C. RNA polymerase
D. DNA polymerase

13. 12) Changes in the DNA sequence that affect genetic information are known as
A. replications
B. mutations
C. transformations
D. prokaryotes

14. 13) In messenger RNA, each codon specifies a particular
A. nucleotide
B. purine
C. amino acid
D. pyrimidine

15. 14) What is the amino Acid sequence for the following strand of DNA
14) What is the amino Acid sequence for the following strand of DNA? TAC GGG TAA CCG CAG ATT
A. Pro Iso Gly Val
B. Met Pro Iso Gly Val Stop
C. Met Gly Tyr Pro Glu Iso

16. 15) Unlike mitosis, meiosis in male mammals results in the formation of
A. one haploid cell
B. Three diploid polar bodies
C. Four diploid gamete cells
D. Four haploid gamete cells

17. 16) To maintain the chromosome number of an organism, the gametes must
A. become diploid
B. become recessive
C. be produced by mitosis
D. become haploid

18. 17) Which of the following cells are not paired correctly?
A. sperm created by meiosis
B. egg created by meiosis
C. skin cell created by meiosis
D. red blood cell created by mitosis

19. 18) A chart that traces the inheritance of a trait in a family is called a(an)
Pedigree
Karyotype
Genome
autosome

20. 19) Most sex linked genes are found on the
Y chromosome
O chromosome
YY chromosome
X chromosome

21. 20) Which parental pair would produce females with colorblindness?
Homozygous normal vision mother, father with colorblindness
Mother with colorblindness, normal vision father
Heterozygous normal vision mother, normal vision father
Heterozygous normal vision mother, father with colorblindness

22. 21) The process that produces a similar appearance among unrelated groups of organisms is
A. adaptive radiation
B. coevolution
C. convergent evolution
D. changes in the hox gene

23. 22) As a group, the large-scale evolutionary changes that take place over long periods of time are called
A. macroevolution
B. coevolution
C. convergent evolution
D. geologic time

24. 23) The success of an organism in surviving and reproducing is a measure of its
A. fitness
B. adaptation
C. speciation
D. gene pool

25. 24) Similar species that breed with each other and produce fertile offspring in the natural environment make up a
A. gene pool
B. population
C. genetic drift
D. Species

26. 25) The type of selection in which individuals of average size have a greater fitness than small or large individuals is called:
Disruptive selection
Stabilizing selection
Directional selection
Genetic drift

27. 26) The type of selection in which individuals at one end of a curve have the highest fitness is called
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Directional selection
The founder effect

28. Answers
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. C
14. B 15. D 16. D 17. C 18. B 19. D 20. D 21. C 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C