1. Strain gauge biomechanical evaluation of forces in orbital floor fractures 
F. Ahmad, W.N.A. Kirkpatrick, J. Lyne, M. Urdang, L.J. Garey, N. Waterhouse 
British Journal of Plastic Surgery 
Volume 56, Issue 1, Pages 3-9 (January 2003)
DOI: /S (02)

2. Figure 1
The approach to the orbital floor via a Weber–Ferguson incision and a 1.5cm anterior maxillary antrostomy.
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3. Figure 2
The placement of the anterior and posterior strain gauges, which are seen attached to the antral surface of the orbital floor.
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4. Figure 3
The calibrated drop tower positioned to deliver isolated trauma accurately to the orbital rim or globe.
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5. Figure 4
Templates demonstrating the combined fractures from all cadavers following (A) rim-directed (green) and (B) globe-directed (red) trauma.
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6. Figure 5
A typical linear anterior-floor fracture (arrows) is seen following rim-directed trauma. The anterior (A) and posterior (P) strain gauges can also be seen.
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7. Figure 6
A large segment of the anterior and posterior floor, with the attached anterior (A) and posterior (P) strain gauges, has fractured (arrows) following trauma to the globe.
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8. Figure 7
Typical strain gauge readings from the orbital floor following trauma to (A) the orbital rim and (B) the globe. In (A) the high-amplitude anterior (lower tracing) and low-amplitude posterior (upper tracing) readings indicate that the strain is limited to the anterior aspect of the orbital floor. In (B) the high-amplitude readings from both the anterior (lower tracing) and the posterior (upper tracing) strain gauges indicate that strain is distributed across the entire orbital floor.
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9. Figure 8
The mean readings from the anterior and posterior strain gauges for both rim and globe trauma in all eight experimental cadavers. Black diamonds: anterior strain gauge for globe impact; pink squares: posterior strain gauge for globe impact; yellow triangles: anterior strain gauge for rim impact; green crosses: posterior strain gauge for rim impact.
British Journal of Plastic Surgery  , 3-9DOI: ( /S (02) )