1. Landscape Aggregation
H=0
H=1
H=2
H=3
H=4
H=5

2. Landscape Creation RULE (Gardner) 512 x 512 cells
Binary (host / non-host) landscapes
Variability in two parameters
Proportion of landscape as host
Fractal dimension

3. Populating the Landscapes
All trees placed on the landscape in year 0 are 10 years old
Host Trees
Table Mountain Pine: (Pinus pungens)
Pitch pine: (Pinus rigida)
Non-host species
11 species
Randomly placed in non-host cells

4. Experimental Design Factors Replications
Proportion of landscape in pine
Levels: 25 % & 40 %
Fractal dimension of landscape
Levels: 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5
Dispersal model
Levels: Distance limited, Ubiquitous
Replications
50 Replicate landscapes

5. LANDIS runs
No fire
BDA active to simulate SPB outbreaks
150 year runs

6. Analysis Questions
How does the proportion of pine on the landscape change over time?
How does the proportion of pine on the landscape over time vary with initial values of h & p?
Is the proportion of pine on the landscape over time related to the dispersal model?
How well does the clumpiness metric represent differences among the values of h?
When do outbreaks occur?
Why are there more level 3 outbreaks at high initial h values?
How does the area of particular classes vary with clumpiness?
How does clumpiness change over time at different initial h & p values?
How does the size and severity of outbreaks change over time?
How are the size and severity of outbreaks influenced by landscape structure
How does landscape structure change over time?
How does landscape structure affect the proportion of pines on the landscape over time?

7. How does the proportion of pine on the landscape change over time?

8. How does the proportion of pine on the landscape over time vary with the initial values of h & p?

9. How well does the clumpiness metric represent differences among the values of h?

10. When do outbreaks occur?

11. When do outbreaks occur and how large are they?

14. Outbreak Area vs. Clumpiness
Class 0
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3

15. Old.pines > 0.95 T F
Intense Outbreaks
Blue
Purple
Green
Orange