1. Bell Ringer 4/15
What do you think the causes of World War II are?

2. Causes of
World War II

4. Quick Facts
A. War Costs
US Debt $9 billion US Debt $98 billion
The war cost $330 billion times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776

5. Quick Facts: B. Human Costs
50 million people died (compared to 15 million in WWI)
21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians)
11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST (6 million Jews + 5 million others)

6. Bell Ringer 4/16 Who were the 6 main leaders in WWII?
Why were they seen as leaders? Explain why people followed them.

7. When?
US involvement
1939
1941
1945
Sept.1 - Germany invades Poland (official start to the war)
Sept. 3 -Britain & France declare war on Germany
Dec. 7 – Japan bombs Pearl Harbor; US enters the War
May - Germans Surrender
Sept. - Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima & Nagasaki, Japanese Surrender

8. Who? Axis Allies (major powers) (major powers) Great Britain Germany
Russia
Italy
Japan
United States
France
(note: France surrendered to Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)

9. Major Leaders
Adolf Hitler
Nazi Germany
Benito Mussolini
Italy

10. Major Leaders Hideki Tojo Winston Churchill Japanese Prime Minister
British Prime Minister

11. Franklin Delano Roosevelt
Major Leaders
Joseph Stalin
Russian Leader
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
US President

12. There were many events throughout the world that led to the beginning of World War 2.
In many ways, World War 2 was a direct result of the turmoil left behind by World War 1.
Below are some of the main causes of World War 2

13. Cause #1: The Treaty of Versailles
Ended World War I
War Guilt Clause – Germany to accept blame for WWI
Reparations – Germany had to pay 63 billion in damages (768 billion today)

14. Disarmament – Germany only allowed to have a small army and six naval ships (No tanks, no air force and no submarines)
Territorial Clauses – Land was taken away from Germany and given to other countries.
The problem with the treaty is that it left the German economy in ruins. People were starving and the government was in chaos. 

16. Stop and Think!
How did the Treaty of Versailles contribute to the causes of World War II?
Turn and discuss the question with a neighbor. Be prepared to share your answers with the class!

17. Bell Ringer 4/17
What does appeasement mean?

18. Cause #2: Japanese Expansion
Date: September 1931 & 1937
Nation: Japan
Action: Invasion of Manchuria
Invaded China
Why: Not enough land or resources to sustain people.
Japan withdrew from the League and created international isolation

19. Invasion of Manchuria

20. Cause #3: Fascism
With the economic turmoil left behind by WWI, some countries were taken over by dictators who formed powerful fascist governments.
They wanted to expand their empires
Italy, Germany, Spain
Fascism: extreme in belief, has a dictator and uses oppression to enforce their authority.

21. Hitler and the Nazi Party
Germans were desperate
They needed someone to help them
Hitler and the Nazi Party rose to power.
He soon became a dictator

22. Built up the military
Decided to expand his empire to restore the nation.
Took over Austria in 1938
Took over Czechoslovakia in 1939

23. People did not want to get into another war!
When Italy and Germany began taking over other countries
France and Britain chose to appease them
Appeasement – tried to make them happy rather than try to stop them.
Ignored the situation
Cause #4: Appeasement

24. They hoped that by meeting Hitler’s demands he would be satisfied and not cause a war.
This backfired… hugely.
Built Hitler’s confidence and gave him time to build his army.

25. Cause #5 Great Depression
The world was going through a time of great economic suffering
Many people unemployed and struggling to survive
This led to unstable governments

26. Some other Immediate Factors to War
Date: April 1, 1939
Nation: Spain
Action: the end of the Civil War
Reaction: Francisco Franco became dictator of Spain

27. Spanish Civil War ends

28. Some other Immediate Factors to War
Date: April 7-12, 1939
Nation: Italy
Action: invaded Albania
Reaction: Mussolini declared the Italian Empire as emerging.

29. Invasion of Albania

30. Non-Aggression Pact signed in August 1939 by Hitler and Stalin
agreed not to invade one another
Hitler did not want to fight a two front war
Stalin did not trust Hitler, but did want to buy Soviet Union more time to build up their army

31. Immediate Factors to War
Date: September 1939
Nation: Germany
Action: Invaded Poland
Reaction: Soviet Union invaded other half of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany to begin WWII. U.S. declared neutrality.

32. Invasion of Poland

33. Stop and Think!
Why do you think the European powers agreed to appease Hitler?

34. Bell Ringer 4/18
How do you think Utah was affected by the war? How would a major war affect you today?

35. League of Nations International Group
Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland
Created after the First World War to avoid international disputes
Proposed by U.S. President Wilson

36. League of Nations Key Nations who were not members
United States: refused to join to remain neutral
Germany: not allowed to join because of war guilt clause
Soviet Union: not allowed to join because of communist government

37. League of Nations Reaction to aggression:
Verbal sanctions: issue warning
Economic sanctions: trade restrictions
Physical sanctions: military force
League of Nations

38. Let’s summarize …
How did the actions of aggressive nations lead to World War II?