1. Symbiosis
Chapter 17, Section 1 & 2

2. Think about it…
What’s the difference between an animal at the zoo and an animal in the wild?

3. In The Wild…
In the wild, organisms live in a community, take part in food webs, effect other species, use resources, and evolve/ adapt to live in their environment.

4. Each species of animal inhabits a specific niche.
A niche…
Each species of animal inhabits a specific niche.
Niche =the unique role of a species within an ecosystem.

5. Environmental factors for survival Interactions with other organisms
Niches Include:
Physical home
Environmental factors for survival
Interactions with other organisms

6. Niche is not habitat!!!
Habitat = Location!
Niche = Use of habitat!

7. Niche = Job?
A niche can also be thought of as the functional role, or “job” of a particular species in an ecosystem.
What is a beaver’s
niche “job”?

8. Species Interact
Symbiosis: Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both organisms.
Four major types of interactions:
Predation
Parasitism
Mutualism
Commensalism

9. The benefit or harm is in terms of total effect over time.
Based on: OR
Whether each species causes benefit or harm to the other species in a given relationship.
The benefit or harm is in terms of total effect over time.
_________________________
OVER
TIME

10. PRedation
An organism that feeds on another organism is called a predator.
The organism that is fed upon is the prey.
We have already discussed this kind of relationship.

11. Examples of predation:
Snakes and mice
Bats and insects
Whales and krill

12. What is the first thing you think of when you think of predation?

13. PRedation
Are there other examples of predation???
Give me some examples.

14. PRedation

15. PRedation

16. PRedation

17. PRedation

18. Parasitism
An organism that lives in or on another organism and feeds on the other organism is a parasite.
The organism the parasite takes its nourishment from is known as the host.

19. Examples of parasites include:
Parasitism
Examples of parasites include:
Ticks
Fleas
Tapeworms
Heartworms
Blood sucking leeches
AND WORST YET….

20. MISTLETOE?!?.... Wait a minute!
Parasitism
MISTLETOE?!?.... Wait a minute!

21. Parasitism
Mistletoe is especially interesting botanically because it is a partial parasite (a "hemiparasite"). As a parasitic plant, it grows on the branches or trunk of a tree and actually sends out roots that penetrate into the tree and take up nutrients.

22. Parasitism
Parasites are different than predators because the parasite lives the majority of it’s life on or in the host, and the parasite will not usually kill the host.

23. Why is it beneficial for a parasite to keep its host alive?
Parasitism
Why is it beneficial for a parasite to keep its host alive?
How is the host harmed and why?

24. Is mutualism present at a school?
A close relationship between two species in which each species provides a benefit to the other is called mutualism.
Is mutualism present at a school?

25. Mutualism
Certain species of bacteria in your intestines for a mutualistic relationship with you.
Help you break down food you couldn’t otherwise digest or make vitamins your body can’t produce itself.
In return, you give the bacteria a warm, food-rich habitat.

26. Mutualism
ENOUGH ABOUT BACTERIA!!!

27. Mutualism
Flowers and their pollinators are a common form of mutualism. Pollination is a term for the sexual reproduction process in plants. In essence the male gametes (pollen) from the stamens of the flower
are moved (by some process) to the
female reproductive organs (the style
and ovary) to create the plant seed.

28. CLOWN FISH AND ANEMONES
Mutualism
CLOWN
FISH
AND ANEMONES

29. Commensalism
A relationship in which one species benefits and the other species is neither harmed nor helped is called commensalism

30. Commensalism
Remoras attach themselves to the shark and eat the leftover food remains that they can find. This would fall into the commensalism symbiotic relationship, because the remora is getting its food, and the shark gets no benefit.

31. In Summary… Relationship Species A Species B Predation Positive
Negative (dies)
Parasitism
Negative (harmed)
Mutualism
Commensal-ism
Not effected